UC-NRLF 


$C    31    5^6 


An  analysis  of  the  misspellings  of  the  rural 
school  pupils  of  San  Bernardino  County,  California. 

By 

John  W,  Groyes 
A.B.  (Central  College)  1893 

Thesis 

Submitted  in  partial  satisfaotion  of  the  requirements  for  the  degree 

Master  of  Arts 

in 

Education 
in  the 
GRADUATE  DIVISIOK 

of  the 

OTIVERSITY     OF     CALIFORITIA 


Appr eyed . 


Instructor  in  Charge. 


I 


eoUc/n-toH  oK«fT3 


I. 

Table  of  Contents*  Pages*' 

1 .  The  Problem  Stated,  1 

2.  Introduction.  1 

3.  The  Test  Ueed  - 

InstruotionSy  2 

The  V/ord  Lists,  By   Gradee.  J 

4*  She  Ihimber  of  >3ohool3  Tested  •  4 

5*  Table  I*  Showing  the  XhuHber  of  V/ords  Spelled 

Correotly  (liitire  Goxmty),  5 

6.  Table  II.  Smmiiary  of  I'able  I  .  7 

7.  Table  III.  The  Distribution  of  Omitted  Words.  9 

8.  Table  IV.  The  Distribution  of  Correct  V/ords.  10 

9.  Table  V.   The  Distribution  of  Misspelled  Words.  11 

10.  Table  VT.  Sunaary  of  Tables  III,  IV,  and  "V.  12 

11.  Tables  VII,  VIII,  and  IX.  Analysis  of  Misspellings.  ^3 

12.  The  Standeords  Used  in  Classifying  the  Misspellings.  16 

15.  Obserrations  Based  on  the  Analysis.  18 

14.  Table  X.  Showing  v/ords  Most  iPreq^ently  Misspelled  on 

aooount  of  Vowel  Diffieulty.  21 

13*  Table  XI,  Showing  a  Special  List  of  Misspellings  in 

the  v;ord  Lists  of  the  Eighth  Grade  Qroap.  22 

16.  Table  XII.  Sliowing  v/ords  lioet  JVeq^iently  Misspelled 

on  aooount  of  a  Consonant  Diff ioxilty.  23 

17  •  Other  iSrrors,  not  in  Tabular  S'orm.  24 

18.  Comparisons  of  Misspellings  in  Boston  Schools  and  in 
Rural  Sohools  of  San  Bernardino  County,  California.  28 

19.  Quotations.  33 

20.  Table  XV.  Showing  ifords  Arranged  iu  3eq:u.enoe  aooording  34 

to  their  Difiioult/,  as  shown  by  this  Analysis. 

21.  Sumary.  37 

638100 


II. 

22,  Conoluslon*  38 

23.  Bibliography.  44 


Suppl«ment€ary  Data. 

I.  Distribution  by  Grades  ,  Showing  per  oonts  for  the 
Hiamber  of  v/ordo  Spelled  Correotly,  To   Supplement 

Table  IV  of  tlie  Report.  3  -  1 

II.  Explanation  of  the  following  pages  of  Misspelled 

Jfarmm   as  Written  by  the  X^ipils.  3-2 

III.  All  ootual  ?oms  as  they  appeared  on  the  Papers 
of  tlxe  Pupils 9  ana  ths  freqiaeney  of  the  forms. 

Garade  Swo,  S  »  3 

Ggn4M  Shree^  S  -  7 

Grade  Pour,  S  -  13 

Grade  Pire,  S  -  19 

Grade  Six,  S  «•  24 

Grade  Seren,  S  •  29 

Grade  Eight,  S  -  34 

Grade  Jfine.  S  -  39 

IT.  SoBBnavy  of  tlie  ICisapellings  Shown  on  Pages  3-3^. 
This  Tabxilation  is  by  Grades  and  shows  the  Hesults, 
Word  by  V/ord.  S  -  43 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2008  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/analysisofmisspeOOgrovrich 


1. 

The  Problem  Stated* 
To  sake  aa  analysis  of  the  spelling  of  the  children  of  the 
email er  roral  eohools  of  3an  Bernardino  County »  California  : 
To  determine  ;(a)  their  ability  to  spell »  and  (b)  the  nature  of 
their  misspellings. 

Introduotion* 

San  Bernardino  County  is  one  of  the  largest  oounties  in 
the  United  States.  Beginning  about  thirty-six  miles  east  of 
Lo8  -^^eles  it  extends  to  the  eastern  boxindary  of  the  State  of 
California,  and  embraoes  an  area  of  19*94?  8qp.are  miles. 

The  sohools  of  the  oounty  are  administered  by  a  County 
Superintendent,  who  has  one  office  assistant  but  no  field 
assistant.  There  are  several  centers  about  which  the  schools 
are  grouped  more  or  less  closely ,  and  the  superintendents  of 
these  systems  are  acting  deputies  of  the  County  Superintendent, 
but  work  without  extra  compensation  in  this  added  capacity. 

Supervision  of  the  actual  work  of  the  schools  is  limited, 
and  teachers  are  Icirgely  responsible  for  the  product  of  their 
respective  schools^  especially  in  the  rural  sohools. 

In  December,  1920,  Dr.  Cyrus  Mead  of  the  University  of 
California,  Dsfpartment  of  i^ucation,  distributed  copies  of  a 
%mBt   throughout  the  state  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  data 
to  be  used  in  a  comparative  study  of  the  spelling  ability  of 
pupils  in  grades  two  to  nine,  inclusive,  in  rural  schools.  In 
town  sohools,  and  in  city  schools*  The  words  chosen  were  the 
last  twenty  words  in  the  several  col\imns  of  the  Buckin^aa 
Brtension  of  the  Ayres  Scale  which  are  standardized  so  that 


the  giren  class  may  be  expected  to  spell  73  per  cent  of  the  woids 
oorreotly# 

All  of  the  schools  of  San  Bernardino  Coxinty  except  three 
mall  schools  returned  the  papers  of  the  ]?upils  for  use  in  the 
inrestigatlon.  These  papers  came  into  the  hands  of  the  writer 
n^o  obtained  permission  of  Br*  Head  to  make  the  special  study 
here  presented* 

The  first  part  of  the  study  dealt  with  the  marks  of  the 
pupils  as  indlTiduals,  by  grades »  and  by  schools*  When  these 
sarks  were  compared  to  the  standard  73  per  cent  it  was  STldent 
that  a  farther  study  of  the  spellings  woiild  enable  us  to 
classify  the  miaspellings  and  ttous  analyse  these  as  a  means  of 
improTlng  the  spelling*  A  similar  study  had  been  made  a  few 
years  before  in  a  school  of  about  a  thousand  elementary  pup  11  s^ 
so  it  was  determined  at  this  time  to  make  the  study  based  on 
HkM  work  of  the  rural  schools  of  the  County,  In  the  report  of 
the  misspellings  we  hare  considered  only  schools  of  less  than 
four  teachers,  with  one  exception  which  is  noted  later* 

The  Test* 

The  following  instructions  for  glylng  the  tests  were  sent 

from  the  Uniyersity  by  Dr*  Mead  :- 

Instructions  ; 

"Gire  the  list  of  twenty  words  to  the  ffradea  deaJfrnfttftTJ  as 
near  December  icth,  192c  as  is  practicable.  Do  no  teaching  of 
the  words*  Provide  your  class  with  such  materials  as  they  reg- 
ularly use  in  a  spelling  lesson*   Dictate  the  spelling  lists» 
■feQ  the  proTier  4pyaAegy  as  you  would  ordinarily  in  a  written 
spelling  period*  If  necessary ,  you  may  use  a  word  in  a  sentence 
in  order  to  make  clear  its  meaning*  Hare  the  pupils  spell,  how- 
erer,  only  tlie  word.  Collect  and  ^"^^X  ali^  pa-oeya  on  the  per- 
centage basis,  fire  for  each  correctly  spelled  word.  An  omitted 
word  should  count  as  an  incorrect  spelling*  It  is  not  probable 
that  many  pupils  will  spell  correctly  all  the  words  of  their 
list.  " 


-mim 


5. 


She  Word  Lista*  (By  Grades). 


RAAOnd. 

third 

Fifth. 

very 

needle 

dangerous 

or 

posh 

nobody 

debt 

thank 

point 

oar 

dried 

dear 

within 

palace 

exercise 

west 

done 

penny 

grammar 

•old 

body 

pitoher 

Indian 

told 

belongs 

regualr 

Journey 

best 

oheeae 

repeats 

laid 

form 

earn 

reprore 

onion 

far 

feather 

sailor 

praise 

gave 

fenoe 

aentenoe 

properly 

alike 

honey 

shining 

salary 

add 

letters 

surface 

searched 

hrave 

orange 

sweeping 

smooth 

oorn 

pooket 

sweeps 

thirteen 

danoe 

shoes 

thief 

touoh 

dinner 

stairs 

waist 

towel 

agg 

stream 

waiting 

nmbrella 

looks 

tiny 

weary 

veal 

rioh 

words 

writing 

weapon 

SCYCOltllt 

• 

iOZLJilU 

grooery 

elegant 

cordially 

coonterfeit 

handkerehief 

emperor 

oharaoter 

dessert 

listened 

ezoellent 

separate 

digestible 

loose 

grateful 

February 

iporsel 

heir 

antiq:ae 

leopard 

aUkel 

hoar  Ml 

bicycle 

nleoe 

ioiole 

calendar 

millionaire 

pistols 

ignoranoe 

oonseguenee 

mucilage 

purohased 

interfere 

disease 

orchestra 

parrel 

■asioian 

fatigue 

parliament 

reeess 

nejrfcral 

foreigners 

perceived 

saoosr 

patienoe 

grease 

possess 

slei«^ 

pigeons 

isthmus 

precipice 

sooiety 

rehearse 

nonsense 

reoommended 

MWVM 

reverence 

resources 

I'esemblanoe 

sp^eoh 

asnoy 

solaiise 

restaurant 

stMk 

siege 

seoreoy 

seised 

telsphone 

vegetable 

sensible 

superintendent 

trolley 

veil 

vehicle 

surgeon 

nhistla 

wetoh 

vicinity 

thorou^^hly 

bf^d 


£^'^f^ 


^  T  Tp^'^  '. 


«i 


4. 

These  words  are  the  last  twenty  words  of  the  Buokin^am 

Extension  of  the  Ayres  Seals  in  the  ooltunns  as  follows  :- 

Seoond  Grade  List,  CoItudb  I;  Third  Grade  List,  Column  L; 
Fourth,  0;   Fifth, <i  ;  Sixth,  S  ;   Seventh,  U  ; 
BiC^th  ,  W  ;  and  Ifinth,  Y. 

Ifomber  of  Sohools  Tested* 
Thirty-ei^t  one-room  sohools,  thirteen  two-room  or  three* 
room  sohools  and  twelve  town  and  city  sohools  having  four  or 
■ore  teachers  sent  papers  written  by  their  pupils  in  response 
to  the  reccnest  to  take  part,  or  tabulated  reports  of  the  work 
done  by  the  pupils*  The  following  table  indicates  the  result i 
of  the  test  for  the  entire  oounty* 


6C 


* 


'tr       ■        «*»- 


f.ffjt     ■ 


^^  ;ra&£ii^ 


5. 
9t»m    X* 


%h«  iMilnr  of  papils  la  oaoh  ^pemdm  vbo  •pellod  bo 
•oorrootly,  ooo  word  oorrootlj,  two  words  o«cr»otlr«  oto* 


M^  of 


oorrootlr* 

t 

90 

III 

^ 

7 

71 

VII 

Tin 

IX  !tota.l« 

» 

24 

6 

7 

18 

3 

12 

219 

1 

78 

72 

44 

24 

23 

30 

7 

20 

298 

2 

42 

72 

65 

3Z 

32 

34 

18 

14 

329 

3 

68 

84 

61 

40 

26 

30 

19 

31 

359 

4 

78 

93 

74 

52 

24 

42 

34 

36 

433 

3 

81 

74 

66 

63 

47 

54 

29 

57 

471 

6 

65 

81 

73 

39 

39 

48 

38 

57 

460 

1 

76 

57 

66 

61 

45 

50 

47 

54 

456 

S 

56 

80 

87 

76 

50 

59 

52 

52 

512 

9 

63 

68 

58 

67 

57 

49 

53 

70 

485 

10 

6Z 

56 

58 

69 

62 

58 

50 

51 

466 

t1 

» 

58 

68 

75 

56 

60 

63 

43 

474 

12 

60 

33 

48 

64 

70 

51 

49 

48 

445 

13 

57 

3i 

75 

65 

8c 

66 

33 

43 

492 

14 

39 

51 

39 

76 

67 

70 

41 

40 

459 

15 

to 

45 

46 

53 

82 

56 

70 

34 

446 

16 

45 

40 

42 

87 

78 

41 

76 

37 

446 

t? 

48 

36 

47 

75 

100 

34 

52 

25 

417 

18 

42 

31 

29 

33 

57 

37 

58 

21 

330 

19 

36 

33 

24 

39 

48 

26 

47 

9 

262 

20 

27 

26 

13 

10 

20 

9 

22 

1 

128 

1262   1224  1127  1146  t070  922  88I  75j5  5J57" 


W^ 


m 


« 
^ 


Cf 


^^ 


''^ 


o 


« «■'**'-■ 


6. 

Table  I  reads  as  follows  :* 
90  pupils  in  the  second  grade  spelled  "0".  no  word,  oorreotly; 
78  pupils  spelled  one  word  oorreotly  ;  62  spelled  two  words 
oorreotly,  eto, 
1262  second  grade  pupils  were  tested. 

Heading  across  the  top  row  of  figures  :- 
90  pupils  in  the  aeooad  grade  spelled  no  word  oorrodtly  ; 
^9   third  grade  pupils  spelled  no  word  oorreotly  ;  etc. 
a  total  of  219  pupils  spelled  no  word  correctly. 

The  total  number  of  pupils  tested  in  all  grades  was 
8.387* 


exisi/^ 


:r  Is^9#  erf! 


*J 


Table  II. 

Showiag  b7  grades  :-  (a)  the  mimber  of  pu^pils  tested  ; 

(b)  the  nmb^r  of  vevds  spoUod  oorreotlx  by  all  the  pupils 

of  the  grade  ;  and  ,  (o)  the  arerage  ixumber  of  words  spellML 

oorreotly  per  pupil. 

Piort  "i."»  data  for  oxie  *-  roou  (   one  t«a4ter  )   schools; 
Part  "B",  data  for  the  entire  oounty  (    8,38?  pupils,). 

Part  "A" 

Arerago    ITo.  of 
JEIo.   of  Total  Ho,  of  oozTttot  words 

SaoAtLM,  \£&fiilflu.         GorrflQt  Worto*        par  PttPlla ,, 

II  69  675  9.78 

III  ^8  ^d3  9.0^ 
17  71  766  10.79 

T  ^  MO  10.11 

VI  64  735  11.48 

VTI  30  371  12.37 

VIII  27  343  12*70 

n  1  18  18.00 

Part  "B" 

II  1262  10,874  8.62 

III  1224  10,240  8.37 

IV  1127  10,205  9.03 

V  1146        12,280  10.71 

VI  1070        12,342  11.72 

VII  922         9,264  10.04 

VIII  881         10,402  11.81 
H           733         7,124  9.44 

Table  II  reads  as  follows  z-  (Part  ''A")  69  pupils  In  the 
second  grade,  in  one  teaoher  schools  spelled  673  words  oorreotly; 
this  Is  9*78  words  per  pupil,  out  of  a  possible  20, 
(Part  "B")  1262  pupils  In  the  second  grade  In  the  entire  county 
spelled  10,874  words  correctly.  This  Is  an  arerage  of  8.62 
words  per  pupil. 

Sie  rtaadaard  for  eaoh  gmte  is  14.60  w«gpds  out  of  a  possible 
20  words  pronouneed  to  eaoh  pupil. 


'^    /*k*i»c-M*A^     "^Jti* 


K*^   \ 


For  a  more  detailed  report  see  the  supplement  to  this 
»ral  report. 

The  l«rc«  number  of  misspelled  words  led  to  an  inquiry 
as  to  the  reasons  for  so  manj  pupils  falling  below  the  standard 
established  for  the  soale* 

All  the  papers  of  pupils  in  the  rural  sohools  haying  lass 
than  four  teaohers  were  arallable  for  definite  analysis  and  so 
the   task  was  oonmenoed*  i^nls  task  has  required  oonsiderable 
time,  but  the  results  shown  In  the  following  pages  seen  to 
Justify  the  olaim  that  a  oontributlon  has  been  made  to  ths 
information  already  obtained  from  analyses  of  the  misspellings 
•f  sohool  pupils*  The  olaim  is  made  here  beoause  the  study 
has  been  made  of  the  errors  of  rural  pupils  oomlng  frosi    ^ 
widely  different  situations,  from  many  teaohers  and  therefore 
typioal  of  ohlldren  generally* 

The  word  lists  of  the  ohlldren  in  the  Chino  Sohools 
hare  been  inoluded  in  the  tabulations  of  the  elementary  grades, 
twe  to  ei|^t,  Inolusirs*. 

The  analysis  of  the  ^inth  Grade  misspellings  is  made 
tttmn.   the  papers  of  the  Ninth  Grade  pupils  of  the  Chaffey  Union 
Hlglh  Sohool  Distriot  -  this  dlstrlot  draws  its  pupils  from 
ei/B^t  nural  and  town  distriots  regularly,  fihile  mmmy  pupils 
are  added  inoidentally,  i«e*  pupils  i^ose  parents  have  mored 
into  ths  dlstrlot  from  other  distriots,  oounties  or  states* 


-ifc^'ii^-jiao 


"l«rT??T  «5* 


Table  III, 
:•»  (a)  the  asBKber  of  sohools  represented  in  the  „ 
analytic  atcuSy;  (b)  the  aomber  of  teaohers  haring  pupils  in  the 
ClTta  gradles  ;  (o)  the  nomber  of  pupils  whoee  papers  were  used 
in  the  aaaljsis  ;  (d)  the  avera^  number  of  times  eaoli  word  was 
OBitted  b7  the  iprade  group  ;(e)  the  standard  deriation  of  each 

froup  from  the  aTeraipe  anmber  of  times  the  words  were  omitted, 
the  si0na,  or  staadasd  Asriation  was  found  hj   obtaining  the 
stuare  root  of  the  aritiaMtlo  mean  of  the  squares  of  tlie  deria* 
tioms  f^om  the  aTStrage  of  the  distribution.  }   ; 

(f }  the  per  oent  of  words  diotated  to  each  grade  whioh  were 

omitted  from  the  papers  returned,  i.e.  the  per  oent  of  words 

vhioh  the  pupils  of  the  grade  did  not  eren  attempt  to  spell* 

ATerage 


ar> 

JBTo.   of 

sohools 
repre- 

Ho.  of 

teachers 
in  these 
aoboQla. 

ITo.   of 

pup 11 3 - 

Jbftalfid* 

Ho.   of 

times 
Total      eadh 
words      weard  was 
fOTiti1rrt>aiUti^. 

Stand- 
ard 
Devia- 

Per- 
oent 
of  wo: 

II 

38 

39 

214 

1532 

77*6 

1:2' 

36.3 

III 

35 

36 

209 

616 

30.8 

6.6 

14.3 

IV 

42 

44 

221 

680 

34.0 

3.6 

1344 

T 

38 

39 

185 

348 

17.4 

:^.5 

9.4. 

yi 

34 

33 

183 

330 

26.3 

4.8 

14.3 

YII 

23 

23 

119 

600 

30.0 

7.1 

23.2 

Tin     27 

27 

107 

130 

6.5 

3.9 

6.1 

IX 

1 

3 

230 

38a 

19.1 

8.0 

8.3 

Table  III  reads  as  follows  :-  In  the  analysis  of  misspellings 
of  Moood,  grade  pupils  the  papers  from  38  sohools  were  used;  these 
38  sshools  had  39  teadhers  doing  second  grade  worlc  ;  there  were 
214  pupils  in  the  second  grade,  these  pupils  omitted  1332  words 
tram   their  written  work;  the  awerage  number  of  times  each, of 
the  20  words  pronounoed,  was  oaittea  was  77.6  by  214  pupils  ; 
the  arerage  rariation  from  this  arerage  was  7.2  (the  standard 
deriation  or  sl^sa)  ;  the  per  oent  of  words  omitted  by  the 
seoond  grade  group  was  36.3  • 


^SO099^' 


M  wo  riP. 


,XX0£« 


f%J^    \ 

it^a^: 

3^1e 

«^} 

i^l^ 

_    I;  A 

M<r 


SI      #CHl4 


o.^l 


QtT 


J-iltiO    "^ 


Table  17* 
Showing  :-  (a)  the  total  number  of  woirds  spelled  oorreotLy 
b7  eaoh  grade  (same  number  of  pupils  as  shown  in  Table  III)  ; 
(b)  the  wera£^  number  of  times  eaoh  word  was  oorreotly  spelled; 
(o)  the  standard  deviation  troai   "b"  ;  (d)  the  per  oent  of 
words  spelled  oorreotly  by  the  grade  group. 


Average  No#  of 
fL^^*       Total  No.  of   times  eaoh  word 
•  words  spelled  was  spelled 

G^aAe.    rtoyrftotlv,  nflrrBQtlTa 


II 

III 

IV 

% 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 


1296 

1^88 
1814 
1908 
10^8 
1190 
1930 


32.7 
64.8 

79*4 

90.7 
93*4 
^2.9 
59.^ 
96.3 


Per  oent  of 

Stand-  words  pronomo* 

ard  ed  whioh  were 

Deria*  spelled 

liiQiii  QQrraQtly« 

18.0  24.4 

31.1  3U0 
26.7  35.9 
21.9  49.0 
19*0  5U6 
14.1  44.3 
I3»l  33*6 
32.4              41.9 


Table  IV  reads  as  follows  :-  the  214  pnpils  of  the  seocnd 
grade  spelled  1034  words  oorreotly  (  oat  of  a  possible  4280^ 
i*e*  20  times  214)  ;  the  average  number  of  times  eaoh  word  was 
spelled  oorreotly  by  the  pupils  of  the  seoond  grade  was  32*7  ; 
the  standard  deviation^  in  the  seoond  grade,  flrom  the  average 
number  of  times  eaoh  word  was  spelled  oorreotly  was  18.0  ; 
the  per  oent  of  the  entire  number  of  words  pronounoed  to  the 
seoond  grade  whioh  they  spelled  oorreotly  was  24.4   •' 


•%Stm^-- 


ih^li^n  xl^Q^vt^t 


'o  cat 


.^ts^irsQii 


?.^^ 


f^ 


r. 


TT 


71 


J  .c  i 


3     ;  o 


S«^or 


1X7 


s,  ♦>-'  \ 


lo   ^HO    )    \ 


l^c.f 


:»  •JBMii^> 


t^Lxi    0«r    £4 


^«^B  IUi» 


i^ioa^ 


uSssssi 


it 


11. 

Table  V« 
Showing  :•  (a)  tlie  total  xramber  of  words  misspelled,  by 
grades;   (b)  the  ayera^  number  of  times  eaoh  word  was  misspelled; 
(o)  the  8tand€Lrd  deriation  fro«  "b"   ;   (d)  the  per  oent  of 
words  misspelled*  (  Same  number  of  pupils  as  in  fables  III  &   IT)»* 


Total  Ho* 
of  words 

Ayerage  Uo.of 
times  eaoh 
word  was 

Standard 
nflYlfttlfttta. 

Per  oent  of 
words 

pronoxmoed 
which  were- 

XI 

1686 

84.3 

14.9 

39.4 

III 

2260 

113.^ 

27.0 

34.0   ^ 

XT 

2U8 

107*4 

23.9 

48.6 

T 

1540 

77*0 

20.8 

41.6 

YI 

1266 

63.3 

13*9 

34.2 

VII 

702 

33.1 

11.0 

29*3 

Till 

822 

4U0 

13.4 

38.3 

zx 

2290 

114.5 

33.0   ' 

^   49.8  ^ 

Table  V  reads  as  follows  :•  1686  words  were  misspelled 
by  the  214  pupils  in  the  second  grade,  out  of  a  possible 
4280  (20  times  214)  words  ;  eaoh  *f  the  20  words  was  missed 
an  arerage  of  84.3  times  by  the  214  pupils  of  the  second  grade; 
Hbm   standard  deyiation  (sigva)  from  this  ay^rmge  number  of 
timmm  was  14.9  ;  in  the  second  grade  39*4  per  oent  of  the 
words  pronounoed  were  actually  misspelled. 


kBlJ^tKiawlm  nam  .i 


?;t--,.i»3i   sjtrxow 


?-«^- 


^,-1: 


-*     "  ^ 


vx 


Xx'i 


r/&.^. 


9liA^' 


muf^m)  r 


12. 
Table  71w 

Showing  :-  the  per  oent  of  words  in  eaoh  grade  whloh  were; 
(a)  spelled  oorreotly^  (b)  caitted^   (e)  misspelled. 

Also,  the  number  of  pupils  tested  in  eaoh  grade* 

JSTo.    of 

xrapils  Per  oent  of  words  pronounoed  whioh  were* 

GemJLm^  loatsd.  wpalled  aprreotly. 

II  2U  24.4 

III  209  31 .0 

IV  221  33-9 
T  183  49.0 
VI  183  31.6 
Til  119  ^  ,  44.3 
Tin  107  ^3*^ 
H  230  41.9 

Table  VI  reads  as  follows  :-  there  were  214  pupils  in 
the  seoond  grade  who  had  20  words  pronounoed  to  them  ;  of 
these  4280  possible  spellings,  24,4  per  oent  were  spelled 
oorreotly,  36.3  per  oent  were  omitted,  i.e.  not  erexi  at- 
tempted by  the  pupils  of  the  seoond  grade,  and  39.4  per 
oent  were  attempted  but  misspelled. 


56.3 

39.4 

14.3 

34.3 

15.4 

48.6 

9.4 

41.6 

•     14.3 

34.2 

25.2 

29.3 

6.1 

38.3 

8.3 

49.8 

■UM 


e.8 


d.r- 


^i:. 


VT 


IXV 


if^ 


r^t> 


15. 
Table  VII, 
Shotiriili^  :-  (a)  the  amber  of  pupils  tested  ;  (b)  the 
ayerage  number  of  ways  the  pronounoed  words  were  misspelled  ; 
(o)  the  standard  derlatlonCsiffaa)  from  the  arera^  shown  in  '^"; 
(d)  the  arerai^e  number  of  tines  a  misspelled  form  ooonrred  witSi 
a  frequenoy  of  but  one  ;  (e)  the  standard  derlatlon  from  the 
arerage  shown  in  "d"« 

Arera^  Arerage  Uo.  of 

Ho*  of  So*   of  times  a  wrong 


ftradflt 

pupils- 

ways 
mlaaea> 

StcuEidard 
DfiTlatioa. 

form  appeared 

Standard  - 
J2ftTlaiUa&. 

II 

2U 

49.4 

8.2 

40.0 

6.9 

III 

209 

53.8 

13.4 

41.4 

11.4 

17 

221 

50*4 

19^2      . 

39*0 

16.3 

^  miA^ 

185 
185 

54.0 

13*3 

25.5 
18.7 

10.8 

VI 

25.8 

10,2 

8.2 

711 

119 

17.4 

^•^ 

12.0 

4.6 

7III 

107 

21.5 

10.8 

16.3 

9.8 

IZ 

230 

31.2 

14.9 

18.5 

10.3 

fable  VII  is  read  as  follows  :•  the  214  papils  in  the 
seoond  grade  missed  the  20  words  pronounoed  to  them  an  arerage 
of  49.4  different  ways,  i.e.  they  used  on  the  arerage  49.4 
different  ways  of  spelling  the  pronounoed  words »  all  of  whieh 
were  Inoorreot  foiij^s  ;  the  standard  derlatlon  (siffita)  fjfom 
this  ayerago  was  8.2  words  or  forms  ;  there  was  an  arerago 
of  40. c  different  fozms  used  in  these  aimrpelllngs  whioh 
occurred  but  onoe  for  the  word  pronounced  ;  the  standard 
derlatlon  (slgma)  from  this  arerage  was  6.9  times  . 


t»tr 


-«^ 


^•l> 


uSBBSsBK       "mmr 


-'  •  K'C. 


tttM' 


aw>^ 


t^T^- 


•  fj 


*?t: 


"X3T' 


faUe  VIII. 
Showlac  <*  (^)  ^^   number  of  possible  spelling  per  grsi&e; 
(b)  the  number  of  words  per  thousand  words  pronounoed  which  were 
&ttsBipt«d  by  the  pupils  (  this  prorides  a  eonparatiye  basis  )  ; 
(o)  the  oomber  of  words  per  thousand  missed  beoause  the  pupil 
spelled  another  word  souzzding  like  the  pronounced  word  ; 
(4)  the  number  of  words  per  theiUHMid  whioh  were  reoo|piieable  as 
aetual  words,  but  not  sounding  like  the  prma^iuneed  word, slui^ly' 
misunderstood;  (e)  the  somber  of  words  per  thousand  which  were 
Mrelj  Jumbles  of  letters,  not  readily  reoognizable  as  real  words* 

Ma*   of 

words 
ITo.  of  per 

pOSsi-   1000 

ble     at-     ITomber  of  words  per  thousand  misspelled 
spell-  tempt-  apparently  beoause  they  were 

II  4280     640      1         76        161 

III  4180     851     16        73         31 

17    4420      845       29  59  44 

T     3700      906       4  16  34 

VI  3700     838     3^  9  n 

VII  2380      740       24  13  14 

VIII  2140      940        2  4  13 

rr   4600    917     29        4         2 

Ayera^e....    837*1     17*1         29.3         38,3 
Stand.  Dev.     92.7     12.6         27*9  48.0 

This  table  reads  as  follows  :-  twenty  words  pronounced  to 
eaoh  of  the  214  pupils  in  the  seoond  grade  made  possible 
4280  spellings;  of  that  number  the  grade  actually  attempted  to 
spell  o4C  words  per  1000  (  the  number  correct  plus  the  number 
misspelled  dirided  by  4.28c  )  ;   of  the  number  of  words  missed 
in  the  second  grade,  l  word  per  1000  ,  was  a  homonym  ; 
76  words  per  1000  were  actual  words  in  form  but  were  not  the 
pronounced  words  ;     I61  words  per  ICOC  were  not  recognizable 
as  words,  but  a  jumble  of  letters. 


v.? 


.  V'  V  X^'^siJJiliS'Mti.Liii 


.    aX^  ;*ISWX< 


15. 
Table  IX. 
Shonrln^  :-  the  xxomber  of  times  per  thoasand  misspelled 
worts  the  following  types  of  errors  appear  :  (a)  haviac 
^ronrel  errors  ;  (b)  harln^:  oonsonant  errors  ;  (o)  having 
errors   in  endlnirs  ;  (A)  baring  errors  due  to  silent  letters; 
(e)  haring  capital  letter  errors  ;  (f )  haring  transposed 
letters  ;  (g)  having  errors  due  to  length  of  word* 

lumber  of  errors  per  lOGO  due  to  diffioulty  in  use  of  error 

due  to 


.Sr.YQffela. 

oonso« 
nantSt 

end-.' 

ingHt 

silent   - 

Ifittexia* 

oapital 

IfittfiTS. 

transposed 
letters* 

word 
leftKtihi 

II      238 

217 

8 

39 

4 

4 

0 

III     421 

224 

43 

77 

5 

12 

7 

IV       403 

232 

13 

93 

f5Sk  ^-  ■■"-  ■'•  %- '-  J    ■>'»  -' 

13 

9 

T        329 

131 

10 

98 

'    ^'-'f 

26 

20 

VI        203 
TH     233 

142 
126 

19 
3 

10 

50  - 

0 

'a  effort  1« 

32                  8 
11                5 

VIII  282 

199 

1 

68 

0 

2 

18 

n     436 

241 

13 

19 

0 

40 

19 

Aver. 32 1.1 
S.JD.     7^.1 

189.9 
43.0 

14.0 
12.0 

37.0 
30.9 

2.1 
2*3 

20.3  ^^"^ 
16.7 

^  10.3 
7.1 

Table  IX  reads  as  follows  :*  the  errors  in  spelling  in  the 
seeoBd  grade  are  as  follows  ;  238  misspellings  per  1000  words 
sreaoiinoed  w«re  due  to  errors  in  the  use  of  vowels »  217  eroors 
due  to  use  of  oonsonfimts^  8  per  1000  due  to  errors  in  endings , 
39  due  to  xkBQ   of  silent  letters^  4  due  to  oapital  letters , 
4  diM  to  transposition  of  letters »  and  0  due  to  the  length  of 
-tile  word. 


0': 


ust  isi 


m's^: 


jJliM: 


lb. 

She  Standards  set  up  for  olassifyin^  misspelling* 
The  followiniE  olassifioation  is  the  basis  upon  whioh  th« 
words  grouped  in  the  tabulations  of  Tables  VIII  and  II« 

fh#  alsspelled  words  fall  naturally  into  two  ^oups  wiiltli 
a^ln  ar«  readily  brolcen  into  smaller  groups  as  indioated* 
Z*  Vhen  the  pupil  atteilpta  to  spell  a  word  other  them  the  word 
actually  pronounced  :- 

JL*  When  the  word  spelled  by  the  pupil  is  a  word  that  sounds 
like  the  word  ptonounoed,  a  homonym.  Szaaple  ;  word  pro<-> 
nounoed^  d*e-a-r  ;  word  actually  written  ,   d-e-e-r* 
B«  Ihen  the  word  actually  written  is  a  good  ISbglish  word  or 
is  so  nearly  correct  as  to  indicate  what  the  child  intended 
to  write,  the  result  being  an  entirely  different  word  to 
the  word  pronounced.  Example  :  word  pronounced,  w-a-s  ; 
word  written,  w«e-8«*t« 
C*  When  the  result  of  the  pupil's  effort  is  simply  a  jumble 
of  letters  not  readily  recognisable  as  a  definite  word  , 
in  place  of  the  word  pronounced*  Ibcaaple  :  word  pronouno- 
•d«  8-o«-l-d  ;  word, or  rather  letters,  written,  u*o*a*t-e« 
II«  Ihea  th«  ehild  was  eridently  trying  to  spell  the  word  actually 
pronouncedt- 

A*  An  error  in  the  Towels  of  the  word» 
a*  By  use  of  the  wrong  rovel* 
b*  £br  Adding  a  romel^ 
••  1^  OBitting  a  rowel* 
B*  A  consonant  error* 

a.  By  nsing  a  wrong  oonsoaant* 

¥•  9y  sdilfng  one  or  more  consonants* 

#•  By  doubling  consonants  or  failing  to  do  so* 


♦XI   biSA  IT  IV     *^I^mf  ^r> 


^?*.  i  ./-. 


<■       •*»  _  r-  ?  -y^.  **.• 


■T^Jff*yffl|frfC 


i»i»gaii«fc  • 


3  R»if 


.i*'.-,..--;^^!. 


1    8i 


/i?  ■&£:£ 


>  /• 

d.  By  omitting  oonsosaiits. 
C*  Error  in  ending* 

a.  Use  of  8iB|^8ur  for  plural^  or  rioe  rersa. 

b»  Use  of  past  tense  for  present,  or  the  reyerse* 

o»  An  oooasional  "in^"  or  similar  ending  not  belon^^i^*' 
])•  ^rrera   due  to  silent  letters. 

a*  Silent  letters  omitted* 

b»  Letters  added,  but  silent* 
B.  ESrrors  in  the  use  of  oapital  letters. 

a.  A  •apital  letter  used  where  a  small  letter  was  re- 
gnaired. 

b»  A  small  initial  letter  where  a  oapital  was  req.uir4d.' 
F,  Transposed  order  of  letters  in  the  word,  i.e*  all  the 

letters  were  used  but  not  in  proper  se<xaenoe*  Example: 

word  pronounced  ,  s-i-1-e-n-t  ;  written  form,  s-i-e-1-n-t* 
Gr»   Errors  due  to  len^h  of  word  as  eyidenoed  by  :- 

a*  Omission  of  part  of  the  word,  letters  or  S7llab]bes. 

b*  Addition  of  letters,  partioularly  of  syllables* 

0*  Confasion  of  letters  or  syllables* 

Vote*  In  olassifying  the  errors  a  giyen  form  of  misspelling 
alu^t  be  classed  under  seryaral  heading,  9»e,;yror(L 
poroiUKnurad,  t-r-y  ;  written  form  t-r-i-e-s  *  This 
misspelling  contains  three  types  of  errors  and  would 
be  eoantad  in  eaoh  group  ,  yowel  error,  oonsonaat 


error,  and  error  is 


rem  .  i 
eWttliig* 


J^iSBQ 


tme 


".e  ^ 


18. 
Obserratlona  Ba««d  upon  the  Tabulations* 

Sh«  tables  presented  before  the  Ei^^th  and  Iflnth  wer« 
presented  to  fozin  a  baolcground  for  these  two*  To  obtain 
farther  information  the  entire  oontents  subnitted  in  the 
sapplenent  are  offered*  The  ao trial  forms  written  by  the 
ohildren  are  shown  as  well  as  certain  preliminary  tables* 

Besides  the  data  oontainel  in  the  main  report  and  in 
the  supplement  there  was  a  c^eat  mass  of  material  whioh  has 
been  exoluded  fj^on  this  work*  2^ioh  of  that  material  has 
items  of  Tslue  whioh  it  seems  proper  to  mention  incidentally 
in  these  notes  and  obserrations* 

Pupils  of  the  second  grade  are   in  a  class  by  themselTWtf 
in  most  points  of  the  analysis*  This  is  due  to  sereral  causes; 
they  lack  experience  and,  therefore »  do  nothias  many  times  i^em 
their  more  experienced  school  mates  attempt  to  spell  a  word^ 
but  commit  an  error  instead*  As  an  illustration  of  this  point, 
it  will  be  noted  that  the  per  cent  of  homonyms  was  snail  in  the 
second  ^ade  •  An  experiment  was  made  with  third  grade  pupils 
to  bring  out  this  point*  About  a  hundred  of  them  spelled  the 
second  grade  list  of  words*  These  spellings  were  eheclced  aaft 
it  was  found  that  the  third  grade  pupils  erred  in  the  matter 
of  homonyma  substituted  for  the  pronounced  words  to  the  extent 
of  12  words  per  thoamaai,  wiMireas  tha  second  grade  pupils  eired 
to  the  extent  of  but  one  word  jfmt     thotuiaiid*  The  same  one  hun- 
dred pupils  made  an  error  in  h(^onyms  in  the  third  grade  to  the 
extent  of  14  words  perthousand*  Pupils  in  the  seoond  grade  are 
not  sudh  encouraged  to  write  their  spelling  lists  in  Southvm 
California. 


^nnottBlmfA* 


.^4 


19. 

fhere  was  less  opportunity  for  homonyms  in  the  lists  of 
the  fifth  and  eig^ith  ^^radea  than  in  others.  In  all  the  grades 
the  substitution  of  homonjms  was  saall  enough  to  indioato 
that  the  sentenoes  used  hj   the  3?   teaehers  were  well  adapted 
to  their  purpose* 

In  all  the  grades  the  ayerage  use  of  some  other  aotual 
word 9  usually  properly  spelled »  was  30  per  thousand  with  a 
standard  deriation  of  28,  A  glaaoe  at  the  table  (VIII  ) 
indioates  that  the  grades  improre  in  this  respeot  oonsistently, 
with  the  exoeption  of  the  sereath  whioh  la  allg!htly  in  exoeaa 
of  the  sixth  grade;  there  was  one  mm4  W&p^  iihtoh  oauaed  this 
type  of  error  in  the  seventh  grade  list  than  there  was  in  the 
sixth  grade  list.   This  was  prored  by  giring  both  grade  llata 
to  about  fifty  pupils  in  eaoh  of  these  two  grades,  the  result 
being  that  the  results  were  ezaotly  rerersed.  It  is  lilcely 
that  in  all  grades  the  pupils  who  made  this  type  of  error  did 
80  beliering  they  were  writing  the  word  pronoonoed*  In  the 
Xawar  grades  there  is  less  tendenoy  to  differentiate  betweaa 
raaal  sounds  of  words  pronoiinoed  aa  well  9lb  leas  experienoe 
in  the  uae  of  these  words* 

A  study  of  the  group  spell inga  i^ioh  represent  no  partiorular 
aotual  worda  offers  little  of  ralue  to  a  general  analjaia*  It 
ia  iadiaatire  of  indiridual  diffioultiea  often.  The  only  souroe 
of  determination  of  what  was  intended  by  the  pupil  is  to  reoon- 
struot  his  effort  by  a  system  of  introapeotion  »  thia  aeema  to 
be  ralueleas  as  the  ohild's  eomplexes  are  neoessarily  different 
to  those  of  the  adxilt  who  is  doing  the  analytic  worlc.  Since  the 
word  the  child  meant  to  write  is  uncertain,  the  analysis  is  Also. 


m- 


i:  '»^ 


In  the  BooonSL  ^rade  there  is  suoh  a  wide  deriation  that  we  ean 
see  no  relation  to  the  work  of  the  other  iprades  in  this  re9p#rt» 
the  work  of  the  third  »  fourth  and  fifth  grades  is  in  one 
olass  in  this  respeot*  There  is  a  distlnot  laproTenent  in 
iStm  work  of  the  sixth,  seyenth  and  ei£^th  ^prades  in  this  type 
of  error »  these  ai^aia  Wiac  ^  ^  elass  toother*  ITo  doubt  tto 
broader  experienoe  of  these  pupils  in  spelling:  and  in  the  uan 
of  these  words  brinies  the  true  word  pronounoed  to  thdir  under* 
standinsf  i«e*  these  pupils  hartt  a  lari^oir  ability  to  rooofnise 
words  pronounoed  for  spelling  purposes. 

In  oonsiderinip  other  errors  as  raported  in  the  tables 
l^wen  in  these  pages  we  xaay  assuae  that  pupils  were  attMiptln^j^ 
to  spell  the  words  pronounoed  by  the  teaoher  girin^  the  test* 
The  speoial  oonoem  of  this  report  is  with  the  data  gathered 
into  a  olassified  form  as  shown  in  Table  IZ«^ 

Vowel  errors  are  the  most  oommon  type  and  therefore  pre- 
sent the  greatest  diffioulties  to  the  pupil.  An  inspeotion  of 
the  table  shows  timt  the  arerage  of  the  number  of  rowel  errors 
lios  between  the  fifth  and  sixth  grades,  with  all  in  the  lower 
grades  greater  in  number  and  the  entire  somber  abore  being  less 
•xoept  in  the  second  azid  ninth  grades* 

EcG.lom  has  pointed  out  that  the  rowels  are  partioularly 
troublesome  in  such  wozds  as  bioyole,  bureau,  and  ooourrenoe* 

In  this  analysis  the  following  words  were  missed  as  indioat  ed 

^  •^^^•,4.  ^  •  wol  diffioulties  and  indicate  something  of 
en  aeoounT;  ox  re 

the  extent  to  frtifch  the  error  reaches* 

#  Arthur  w.  Kallooi.  "  Some  Causes  of  Misspellings." 


t&  MT'  immi  -  .?.^';':...  ..•■■?■ 


r'i^ 


21  • 
fable  X. 

Showing  :-  the  two  words  in  eaoh  grade  misspelled  Boat 
H^qiaontly  beoauso  of  rowel  dilTf  loultv  , 


JSbsmAq 

dinner 

Per  oent  of 
elass  makia^ 
Tovvl  error 

iMSLOm 

Per 

ole 

van 

JUL. 

'  oent  of 
,9B  makinj^ 
^1  error  • 

II 

^^^^mm^^ 

>» 

33 

III 

strMs 

to 

honey 

61 

IV 

surfaee 

48 

thief 

55 

T 

ipnomar 

49 

•alary 

51 

71 

souroe 

34 

trolley 

36 

YU 

iperateful 

30 

ioiole 

45 

Till 

foreiffiers 

41 

aatiqiete 

50 

IX 

parliament 

76 

sazMalade 

77 

Table  X  is  read  as  follows  :-  the  two  words  moot  f3?e- 
qp.ently  misspelled  in  the  oeoond  grade  on  aocount  of  yowel 
dlffieultiee  were  dirmay  and  ^t^^^-     3^1  per  oent  of  the  olass 
lAieee  written  work  was  tabulated  in  this  aualyais  missed  the 
word  <^1tit^ai*»   33  per  oent  misspelled  the  word  <^|f\w^<^,^ 

In  this  test  the  word  "bioyole"  occurred  in  the  ei^ith 
iprade  list.  The  following  Table  will  show  how  the  word  "bioyole" 
raaked  with  other  words  in  this  group  of  107  rural  school 
pupils* 


<i^ 


•Hrt5* 


faUe  XL. 
ahevlac  t«»  all  of  the  eij^th  ^ade  words  irhieh  were  aissod 
■ore  treqjoiejitlj  thajn  tho  word  "^Icyolo"  with  the  per  oont  of 
tho  olasB  ■issyollln^  tho  saso.  (On  aocount  of  TOwel  orror») 

JasX  Pay  aant    WQ£d     £flr  OQIlti     Wordt     Pay  aiitJ 

aatiqiuo  50  foreigners  41  fatigue  39 
isthmaa  37  ooaseq^ienoo  >3  rioinity  32 
Msaaiblo     30      oalendar    29      bioyole     29 

Table  XI  reads  as  follows  :->  50  per  oent  of  the  eighth 
Ippede  rural  pupils  misspelled  the  word  "antique"  on  aocount 
of  a  Towel  diff ieulV*  ^  ^^a  list  of  20  words  there  were 
eiitht  words  as  freqcuently  or  nore  freqouently  misspelled  oa 
tuts  aooount  than  the  word  "bioyole"  whieh  has  been  pointed 
out  by  XalloB  as  aa  eepeeially  dif f loult  word  to  spell  fjfos 
the  point  of  riew  stated** 

A  detailed  analysis  of  the  Towel  errors  made  by  230 
ninth  grade  h.i|^  sehool  pupils  in  their  attenpts  to  spell 
the  word  "parllaaHit  **  giro  3  the  follo-^ing  i* 

32  per  ewit  of  the  entire  number  left  out  the  last  "a", 

26  per  oent  left  out  the  "i"» 

12  per  eent  vaed  "e"  instead  of  "ia"«  in  the  middle 

syllable. 

Shese  mistakes  mate  a  total  of  10   per  oent  of  the  olass 
and  indioate  a  definite »  easy  way  of  assisting  the  pupils 
to  oorreot  their  error  in  this  word«  (  This  word  is  sosewhat 
extrea,  but  represents  the  type  In  eertain  rowel  diff ioulties* ) 
A  great  improrement  oculd  be  brought  about  by  the  teaoher  who 
would  take  a  littlo  trouble  to  determine  the  weakaess* 


V. 


MftJ{t.,.'7a> 


9S 


ttw^. 


(  •m'^l^Timf'^^ifi 


^'^  '^ 


2^. 
Table  XII. 
Shovia^  th«  tvo  vordUi  in  •aoh  iprade  meat  trnqjimatly  mis*- 
gy^ltd  «i  aeocnxnt  of  ooaMMAUt  dlff ioulty* 


Worda. 

dinner 

Par  aant  of 
alaaa  making: 
aonsonant 
arrar  la  tha 

add 

Per  oent  of 
olaas  malcln^? 
ooaaonant 
error  In  tha 

II 

32 

35 

III 

fenoa 

36 

poolcat 

52 

IT 

aentenoe 

40 

pltober 

45 

T 

axaroiae 

30 

dabt 

56 

TI 

raaaaa 

24 

q^Arrol 

59 

▼II 

ant07 

20 

azeallant 

24 

Till 

reaoviroaa 

37 

antlqccia 

44 

rx 

poaaeaa 

49 

moolla^ 

70 

Thla  table  la  read  au  foUowa  :-  the  two  words  moat 
f^qoantly  miaspelled  by  yaplla  ef  the  aeoond  iprada  ware 
dinner  and  add*  «dien  rleired  from  the  ataadaopd  of  consonant 
dlffloultgr.       32  per  oent  ef  tlie  olaas  who  misspelled  the 
woxd  "dliuaer'* erred  on  aocoont  of  a  oo^iaonant  dlfTloxilty  ; 
33  per  oent  had  a     oonsonant  dlffloulty  with  tlie  word^add**" 


A  stody  ef  the  mlaapellliiipi  mi  the  «e«d  "mneilage  "  raraala 
a— m  helym  feats*     Of  the  23c  pupils  to  ahom  'ttils  word  was 
yronouneed,  only  six  aMlttad  it  entiroXy^   shevinir  they  thone^t 

taaw  hew  to  ap^Ll  it  or  at  leaat  knew  aliat  was  wairtad  ; 

three  miaiinAaMiteai.  the  word,  that  wamibwr  uaad  a  word 
Mifit  was  not  to  be  idamtifled  as  standing  for  tie  pronomoed 
word.     !nhe  word  '^moeila^  "  was  the  best  nndersr^ood  word  in 


•^ 


M 


24. 
the  ilintli  grade  lisi* 

Of  the  221  pupils  who  attempted  to  spell  the  word 
"Buoilage",  3^  spelled  It  oorrectly,thls  Is  1?  per  oent 
ef  those  atteopting  it  ; 

4^  per  sent  substituted  "s"  for  "e"  In  the  first  syllable; 
19  per  oent  used  "ss"  for  the  "e"; 
7  per  oent  used  a  "d"  in  the  last  sjrllablt* 
fteee  tn^B   of  errors  aooount  for  l^   per  oent  of  all  the 
errors  made  in  this  wooHl*  It  would  seeoi  to  be  rather  a  simple 
mattor  to  so  present  the  word  that  tliese  dlffloultles  oould  be 
remored* 

In  trie  word  ^'g:u.arrel"  «  pronounoed  in  the  sixth  grade  list, 
22  per  sent  of  the  errors  out  of  a  total  of  39  per  oent  of  the 
pupils  in  ti  e  olaas  made  an  error  in  failing  to  use  two  "r's*^, 
i&ile  6  per  oent  used  two  "I's"^,  showing  that  the  idea  of  a 
double  oonaonaat  was  present  but  did  not  foeus  in  the  rij^t 
plaae* 

Xkllem  afOted  that  the  doubling  of  the  oonsonant  was  a 
fruitful  souroe  «f  error  •  S!hi8  analysis  oonfirms  that  opinion. 

Shaae  example?  are  plainly  indieatire  of  steps  say 
taaoher  mi^^t  talce  to  improre  oertain  typaa  of  error. 

It  will  be  noted  in  the  table  that  the  endings  were  the 
eause  of  error  most  freg:tiently  in  the  third  grade*  32  par  oaat 
ef  this  grade  made  errors  by  writing  the  singular  instead  of 
the  plural  form  whioh  was  pronounoed*  This  error  oan  be  orer- 
aeme  by  greater  oare  in  pronounoing,  by  oareful  illustration 
in  its  use  in  sentenoes* 


0/ftr 


r^^ 


^mm^ 


25. 

Of  416  errors  due  to  wron^  mnd,tn^s  made  la  the  29,400 
spell in^rst  10   errors  or  1?  per  oent  were  djom   to  the  cnlssion 
of  the  past  tense  ending  ;  182  erreirSf  eir  44  per  oent  were  due 
to  the  use  of  the  sln^^ar  xrambor  instead  of  the  plural »  the 
ehlld  foousses  upon  the  word  Instead  of  the  oeotpleted  fom 
aaA  is  astlsfied  as  soon  as  he  writes  the  main  part  of  the 
pronounoed  word* 

la  the  list  of  I60  words  used  in  the  eli^t  grades,  there 
were  12  plural  words  aad  5  wevds  i^ren  in  the  past  tense. 

It  is  noted  in  i^e   studx  oef  silent  letter  errors  that 
there  are  49  words  whloh  oontained  siltttrt  letter  elennents* 
These  resulted  in  1404  errocrs  in  the  use  of  these  silent 
letter  features.  Most  of  these  are  easily  learned  and  thus 
easily  lessenedf  e.g*  in  the  word  '^add",  50  seeoid  grade 
pupils,  23  psr  eent,  left  off  one  ^^d**  ;  97  pupils,  46  per 
oent  of  the  third  grade  pupils  left  out  either  the  "^e*^  or 
the  ""y"'  in  hlWT  I  74  piikpila^  55  por  oent  of  the  fourth 
grade  pupils  left  the  "i'»  out  of  joisfefl. 

^e  errerv  edP  this  type  ware  not  oeBflne<!l  to  the  lower 
grades.  53  pupils,  25  per  sent,  of  the  ninth  grade  pupils 
left  the  ''e"  or  the  "i"  out  of  the  word  pftcSL&izsl* 

XalloB's  ebserration  that  silent  letters  are  reoognized 
as  a  diffioulty  and  ajre  usually  taui^t  well  is  rerified  in 
this  study,  there  beiag  a  total  of  1404  errors,  16.1  per  oent 
in  aa  opportunity  for  aaVIng  8702  errors  of  this  type* 


msft 


««B 


'  -i- 


%  ■  -t-  *» 


it 


^•^1 


The   BubBtltution  of  amall  Initial  letters  for  oapltalo, 
and  the  use  of  capitals  for  small  Initial  letters  was  negligi- 
ble In  this  set  of  1470  papers.   But  two  words  used  in  the 
group  of  l6c  words  pronounced  require  a  eapit41  letter,    ^* 
15  pupils  of  the  fifth  grade  group  used  a  aaall  letter  to 
begin  the  word  Indian  ;  no  pupil  made  an  error  in  the  use  of 
the  capital  initial  letter  of  the  word  Febmar]^  in  the 
ei£^th  grade  list.  Including  the  15  errors  in  the  word  Indian 
there  were  but  57  errors  in  the  use  of  capital  letters  in  a 
possible  29,400  aases,  less  than  two-tenths  of  one  per  cent, 

There  is  some  tendenoy  to  use  all  the  letters  of  a  word 
but  to  disarrange  them  in  the  written  form.  Other  writers 
seem  not  to  hare  mentioned  this  form  of  difficulty.  It  is  of 
frequent  ooourrence  in  this  group  of  papers  to  warrant  us  in 
giring  it  some  mention. 

In  this  type  of  error  the  exact  number  of  letters  aro 
Med,  b4t  in  a  transposed  order,  e.g.  "thus"  appears  as  "tulia; 
"thstt^.etc. 

It  is  of  especial  interest  to  notice  that  there  is  an 
increasing  tendency  toward  this  type  of  error  from  grades  two 
to  six  inclusire,  reappearing  hl^^  ag41n  in  the  ninth  grade,' 
It  appears  that  certain  letter  o<»blnations  are  rery 
rich  in  possibilitiee  for  the  pupil  in  making  this  type  of 
error,  "ie"  becomes  transposed  into  "ei"  as  in  ; 

ttltf>  grade  four  list,  25  pupils,  1^.4  per  cent, 
MlMOU  ««*^  eix  list,  44  pupils,  27.3  per  cent, 
ragalYfta.  «rade  nine,  53  pupils,  24.2  per  cen^, 
aalaaA,   grade  nine.    45  tmT)iiii.  pi.k  n«v*  »r.yi^ 


5.  Tzftrrsn  *ro^  J?*- 


Jx^ 


t^SW   15   V 


ni    ft?    *4" 


'>'XI^ 


il^ 


27. 

made  this  pturtloular  error* 

In  the  word  "Indian'',  the  "Ian"  beoame  "ain"  in  30  oaseSp 
17*7  P«r  oent  of  the  fifth  grade  group • 

In  the  word  **niokel"9  the  "el"  beoame  "le"  in  65  oases, 
40.6  per  oent  of  the  sixth  grade  group  • 

If  one  letter  were  omitted  the  error  oould  be  olassed  as 
one  due  to  silent  letters*  not  so  in  these  easos,  for  both 
letters  appear,  it  is  a  matter  of  order  of  letters,  there  ie 
a  different  oomplex  ctotlng  upon  the  mental  aorement  of  the 
ohild  in  these  eases*  There  vmat   be  a  different  oausc  in  this 
type  of  error*  Teaohers  mi^^t  easily  diseerer  this  type  of 
error  if  it  is  present  in  a  group  and  by  speoial  attention 
to  the  difficulties,  i.e.  teaching  to  fortify  the  pupils 
against  then,  and  by  sufficient  drill  to  build  up  proper 
neural  patterme  ,  it  oo\xld  be  generally  eliminated*  It  has 
been  done  by  aotual  experiment* 

Che  length  of  the  \¥ord  nrnmmd   to  be  but  a  minor  error 
in  these  tests,  yarying  from  nono  in  the  aseand  grade  to  20 
pmr   thousand  in  the  fifth  grade*  Both  the  ei^th  and  the  ninth 
Crmdee  approMlted  the  same  nomber  per  thousand* 

The  number  of  words  in  eaah  grade  whleh  contributed  to 
this  group  of  errors  to  tho  extent  of  f  iro  or  more  errors 
which  meesed  to  be  caused  by  difficulty  on  aooount  of  the 
leogth  of  the  wevd  appears  below* 

Grade  II  ,  none;    Grade  III,  two;    Grade  17,  one  ; 

Grade  V,  five;    Grade  VI,  two;    Garade  VII,  none; 

Grade  VIII,  two;    Grade  IX,  three. 


Tf'X^TtSd.C    *'ffT 


ftitii    i£tlf 


;i-,tf^ 


28. 

9vo  faotors  entered  into  the  reactions  of  the  pupite 
whioh  lessened  the  number  of  errors  of  this  t7P0»  first, 
they  probably  attended  better  to  the  lon^ar  words  and 
produced  the  written  foxM  sere  often  oorreotly  than  wae 
done  with  sone  other  words  ;   second,  the  lon^  words  whiek 
broniT^t  oonfasion  were  often  emitted ,  not  seorin^  as 
aotnally  nlsspelled,  so  far  as  aoalTsin^  the  errors  was 
ooneGmed* 

Ceaparisons  of  Misspellinca  of  worda 
Boston  and  Saa  Bernardino  Coontx  • 

The  following  tabxilations  are  offered  as  a  oomparatire 
stndjr  of  spelling  diff ioulties  of  children  under  widely  differ^ 
ent  situations*  The  data  from  the  report  of  Xallom  are  based 
upon  the  work  of  oity  children  in  ^raAad  schools,  flill  in  the 
ninth  ^ade*   The  data  ooaceminip  the  Saa  Bernardino  misspell- 
iniTS  is  baaed  en  the  work  ef  pupils  la  snail  rural  schools 
on  words  appeariai^  in  the  tests  of  grades  four  to  nine, 
inolusire*   One  is  a  crsfup  in  the  extreme  eastern  part  of  - 
the  United  States »  the  other  in  tlie  extreste  western  part* 

The  ooBber  of  pupils  takini^  part  in  the  BMrtea  te*t 
was  9930  in  the  San  Bernardino  County  teat,  froai  10?  to 
230  •  In  the  final  ecsipaftaon  it  is  aee^ssary  to  reduce  the 
data  to  a  coaparatiTe  basis;  per  ceats  hare  beea  used* 


■^  Te  ^^^. 


flAlo  XIII. 

ShowioiS  :-  the  woxds  used  in  both  testB,  Boston  ,  and 

in  San  Bomardino  County  ;  the  §p:nAM   in  nhioh  the  word  was 

used  in  Ssn  Bernardino  County  •  the  number  of  Boston  pupils 

aissini;  tbe  word»  and  the  numberof  San  Bernardino  Cotinty 

pfupila  niesln^  the  word  ;  aad»  these  two  nuabors  rednoed  to 

per  oents  • 

Sea  Bernardino 
Cminty 


grade 

tested.  Ho*  in 


lo»  of  paplls  Per  oent 

nisspellin^  Missiai^ 

word  iftLown^  word, 

fi^Bi^nir      "Rrrntli  Bfti^  ^'  float.  3m  Bd^ 


bioyole 

oaleadar 

JNbmary 

haadkerehief 

nieoe 

pltoher 

separate 

rftiwing 

superintendent 

thorouj^ily 

Tefetable 

patient 
patieaoe 


8 
8 
8 
6 
6 
4 
8 
4 
9 
9 
7 


107 
107 
107 
185 
185 
221 
107 
221 
250 
250 
119 

11!? 


475 
315 
268 
285 


181 

200 
270 

579 

381 

241 

65 


31 
31 
19 

48 
100 

139 
30 

79 

92 

105 
22 

37 


48 
32 
27 
29 
45 
18 
20 

27 

58 
38 
24 

7 


29 
29 
18 
26 
34 

63 
28 
36 

40 

45 

18 

31 


This  table  is  read  as  fellows  :-  the  word  "bioyole"  was 
pronouneed  in  tht   ei^th  £prade  list  in  San  Bernardino  County, 
107  pupils*  written  spelling  were  oonslAared  in  this  analysis  ; 
993  pupils  papers  were  oonsidered  in  the  BoStesa  stady  (  all 
these  were  in  the  ninth  |p*ade)  ;  475  pupils  in  the  Boston 


i^ 


\. 


LU   )  X 


iO^ 


-^ii^^^' 


"r?$   *if:t  -"t. 


;     i^Birs^ 


30* 
group »  and  31  pupils  in  the   San  Bernardino  County  ^^oup 
misspelled  the  word  '^bioyole  "  ;  these  numbers  are  48  per 
oent  and  29  per  oent  respeotiyely  of  the  two  ^oups  beini^ 

« 

•oMparod* 


-■^»  .'  ,.■      ■  r^tS-.-J  -V 


31  • 

fabi«  xrr. 

ft-  th«  aMib#r  of  different  ways  the  Bisspellixi^ 

ft9pear«d  la  the  work  of  the  Boston  group «  and  in  the  Saa  Bexxiardlni 

Cotinty  er<>up2  the  «#«t  oenttoii  forms  o^  mlsspellliid  and  their 

freq^ionoles  ;  and,  the  per  oeut  of  the  entire  juMber  of  aisepell- 

ixxi^s  these  fon&s  reporeeeated* 

Vo»  of  different  San  Bernardino 

wa73  the  words  Boston  County 

were  misspelled  Uast  eonmoa      F!re->  F^- 

in  the  ^onps-  foirms  of  g^ea*    Per-  gaea<^    Per 

£fialuau  San  gt  gQ*  mlBiitninflri    aJjuu.  .afioju.  iHasu.  asoi* 

6c  12  Ijyeiole  22C  46  l6  5C 

30  11  3  10 


18      5      ealeader     239  76  l6  30 

ealander      >2  10  il  33 

22      9      T^Vasxy      126  43  2  10 

92  34  3  16 


f'ebraary      10     4     7    37 


1 


31     22      baakerohief   I13    40     14    30 

iMa&erehief    22     8     8 
haadtoreheif   26     9     5 

7      24       aaiM        423     96     44  44 

9      2  m,T 

8  8 

8  8 

24      46      piotnr©  (pitcher) 

98     54     23     17 


pieher        16  9  43  34 

8      3      aeperate     187  94  23  83 

12     29      *hinnin«     210  78  16  20 

shiaeimr      23  9  20  23  ^a 

101     49      aa9«rlnteaadant224  39  20  21 

sapereatendent  46  8  6  7 

'   ■  '   37  6  i  7 


a 


32. 

MOf  of  different  Saa  Bemai^lno 

waj8  the  words  Boston  Coanty 

were  misspelled      Most  oomznon    Pre*  lYo* 

In  the  groups  -      forms  of           q^aen*  Per--  guem*    P«r  • 

BoHt^oti.  s&n  b.Cq.  ainaiafilltoft^  iiiu*  nftnti  jeUjui*    jbjbiI* 

84       28     tlhroTi£;rily     I08  28      25     24   *^'^ 

thourougiOy    49  3      8     8 

thourgjily     26  7     ^5    15 


24      10     reipELtable     125    51      10     46 

TO«lta'ble      22    11       2      ? 
TVCtiOas      28    12      2     9 


20  patent         5^    14  "' 

25    paolenoe  6     16 

patience      20    31 
patient  5     8    ^ 

Table  XIV  is  read  as  follows  :«-  Boston  pupils  misspelled 
th0  word  "biojTole**  in  60  different  ways^  San  Bernardino  County 
pupils  in  1 2  different  ways  ;  by«iiql,f  was  the  f ozu  used  by 
220  ptpils,  46  per  oeat  of  the  Boston  group,  the  same  foxm 
was  Hied  by  16  pupils,  ^  per  eeat  of  the  San  Bamardino 
County  group. 

The  Boston  list  contained  the  word  "patient" »  20  pupils 
•f  the  group  substituted  the  word"  pat ieas«" ,  this  was  31  per 
cent  of  the  errors  made  in  the  group.  !Che  San  Bernardino 
County  list  contained  the  word  "  patlezioe",  3  pupils«  8  per 
oent  of  the  group  substituted  the  word  "patient". 

There  ape  sereral  striklag  ooinoidenees  in  the  order  of 
errors  as  well  as  the  per  cents,  eren  thou^  the  words  appear 
in  lower  grades  in  one  ease  than  in  the  other.  In  such  words 
as  "superintendent"  the  similarity  is  close  enou^  that  it  miglht 
be  of  diagnostic  ralue. 


10 


r%, 


trir 


tt  i 


33. 
Qnotations* 

"  Aim  of  spelling,  to  give  the  pupil  ability  to  spell  a 
word  oorreotly  when  needed."  (  Kallom) 

**  Spelling,  an  a^t  of  seeing  or  hearing  aoonrately  what 
may  t>e  written  or  spoken,  and  translating  that  visual  or  aural 
image  into  motor  aotivity*   If  the  Image  is  oorreot  and  the 
motor  oontrol  aoo\irate,  the  word  will  be  spelled  oorreotly, 
otherwise,  inoorreotly.   In  a  sense  spelling  may  be  said  to 
be  psyohologioal."   (Kallom) 

"Obriously  poor  spelling  may  be  due  to  one  or  another  of 
the  quite  different  defects »  or  to  a  eombination  of  these* 

Spelling  is  a  complex  ability— and  gires  room  for  a 

great  rarlety  of  defioienoies*  The  underlying  oauses  may  be 
disoorered  only  by  means  of  psyohologioal  examination  oorerimg 
the  mental  prooesses  inrolred  •  (  Hollingworth*  ) 

After  enumerating  eleven  oauses  of  poor  spelling  as 
determined  by  laboratory  methods  at  Teaohers'  College, 
Dr.  Hollingworth  says  further,  "  ISni^ish  Spelling  calls 
largely  for  rote  learning  ;'it  van  be  aoq[p.ired  only  by  the 
formation  of  thousands  of  bonds,  arbitrarily  prescribed  **• 


Leta  S»  Hollingworth,  "The  Psyohologioal  Examination  of 

Poor  Spellers." 


L9qn  0^ 

»it   • 

^tcHi-ncoe  h9l ' 

.  ^-.^^^    !3W< 

!>g 

■•   «^?;5:!"'^ 

>0  'ir 


54. 


Table  X7« 
Showing  :-  the  words  la  the  order  of  their  dlffleultsr  as 
bjr  this  test  ;  the  WBamher   of  papers  oonsldered  In  eaoh 
;  the  zrumber  of  pupils  spelling  eaeh  word  oorreotly;  and, 
Hue  w^r  oent  of  the  £pcpkp  •yelling  the  ^T«n  word  oorroetl/. 


Seoosd  Grade* 
(214) 

Third  Grade* 

(209) 

Foortth  Grade* 
(221) 

Word* 

ITo 

.  5^ 

Word* 

I7o*  f^ 

Word* 

ITo.  ft 

or 

19 

37 

within 

129  62 

nobody 

147  69 

sold 

77  36 

third 

117  50 

needle 

119  34 

told 

77  36 

words 

101  48 

writing 

110  50 

looks 

74  35 

letters 

100  48 

reprore 

109  49 

best 

68 

32 

push 

92  44. 

iOilnlni^ 

108  49 

form 

62 

29 

belong 

91  44 

penny 

91  41 

west 

60 

28 

tliqr 

74  ^$ 

waltlni^ 

87  39 

eom 

37 

37 

body 

V   34 

sweeps 

87  39 

far 

37 

27 

point 

69  33 

sailor 

8o  36 

dear 

36  26 

shoes 

63  30 

sweeping 

78  35 

care 

34 

25 

done 

59  28 

palaee 

77  35 

alike 

52 

24 

fenoe 

56  27 

repeats 

77  35 

rloh 

48 

22 

oheese 

33   26 

weaiy 

65  29 

rery 

44 

21 

orange 

39  19 

sentenoe 

64  29 

•66 

43 

20 

stairs 

36  17 

waist 

59  27 

thank 

42 

20 

pooket 

35  17 

pltoher 

33   25 

add 

31 

14 

honey 

29  14 

sorfaoe 

48  22 

brare 

31 

14 

stress 

27  13 

•av 

44  20 

dinner  26 

12 

feather 

28  13 

thief 

44  20 

danoe 

16 

7 

earn 

24  11 

re^^ular 

38  17 

<i  ^^ 


3$. 


Fifth  Grade. 
(185) 


Word, 


jQi  ^ 


dried  127  69 

properly  123  66 

laid  118  64 

Indian  112  60 

onion  112  60 

touoh  111  60 

praise  103  56 

dangerous  102  55 

thirteen  95  51 

cnooth  86  48 

Toal  86  46 

weapon  85  46 

debt  84  45 

towel  84  45 

wnbrella  73  39 

gF«BB«F  71  38 

•zeroise  70  38 

searohed  62  34 

salary  33   30 

Joorney  52  28 


Sixth  Grade 
(185) 

• 

SeTsnth  Grade* 
(119) 

wora. 

ffOt  '^ 

Word. 

...M» 

_i. 

loose 

n^  11 

hoeirse 

11 

65 

telephone 

117  63 

l|^orane« 

73 

61 

handkerchief 

113  61 

xmisioian 

73 

61 

pistols 

110  60 

reyerenoe 

62 

52 

reoess 

lOB  58 

siege 

61 

51 

grooery 

107  58 

heir 

61 

51 

speech 

106  57 

emperor 

59 

50 

lihisUe 

104  56 

reisetable  57 

48 

8tea3c 

100  54 

pigeons 

53 

45 

listened 

97  52 

patienos 

33 

45 

q]aarrel 

93  50 

gratefol 

53 

45 

trolley 

89  48 

wretoh 

52 

44 

8lei|^ 

86  46 

•legaat 

51 

43 

sooiety 

83  45 

rehsarse 

48 

40 

niolcel 

83  45 

Toil 

47 

39 

mBXMmt 

82  44 

sausy 

46 

39 

Morsel 

74  40 

exoellent  45 

38 

poTstased 

73  40 

interfere  36 

30 

•o«ro« 

71  38 

iolole 

35 

29 

nieoe 

69  37 

asutral 

15 

13 

tiroS 


►^ „. .tdftfe.- .  iffefiBlM     f&i  11  tmm 


R 


ii 


?.^ 


^^ 


tr  r 


3b. 


El^th  Grade 
(107) 

'• 

■Inth  GrHde, 
(230) 

■ 

Worat  ,. 

-Jfta 

_-* 

lOXAa. 

Stta 

-i 

I^braapy 

85 

19 

vorseon 

i6o 

70 

gt%9LB9 

83 

78 

Ijniaezuie 

143 

62 

Bolexioe 

81 

76 

poroelT* 

129 

56 

oordlally 

73 

68 

mannEil«kd.e 

125 

^5 

separate 

73 

68 

superintendent 

123 

55 

bloyole 

73 

68 

oroheatra 

122 

53 

oalendar 

71 

66 

aelscA 

112 

49 

•haraotar 

70 

65 

reeoDimend 

108 

47 

Tehlole 

62 

58 

reaenUaa** 

104 

45 

dlaeacM 

57 

53 

leopard 

103 

45 

•««M^Mnoe 

53 

49 

oounterfett 

89 

39 

fatli^a 

53 

49 

thorou^-ly 

88 

38 

MMlbla 

53 

49 

■Ulioaalre 

87 

38 

rlolnlty 

50 

47 

preoipl«« 

32 

36 

foreigners 

49 

46 

poss««B 

81 

35 

M^^ir^v 

44 

41 

dessert 

72 

31 

nonsense 

43 

40 

Aisestlble 

65 

28 

antique 

41 

38 

irestaurant 

62 

27 

rasouroea 

40 

36 

■neila^ 

38 

17 

IStlQBCLa 

36 

34 

perllMMat 

36 

16 

This  table  reads  :-  (sse  abora)  in  the  ei^th  grade  olasa 
ef  107  paplls,  85  spalled  the  word  "February"  oerraetly  ;  this 
is  19   par  eent  of  the  class * 


»t^i£?5ftfiSS>rS*: 


yi 


In  arammla^  up  the  Miaspellln^s  ,  th«  ••ooad  and  ninth 
Cradea  are  omitted  ;  tiia  oecoad,  on  account  of  Its  limited 
«»arienoe,  the  ninth,  beoauae  it  waa  lees  ot  a  rural  type 
than  the  othera  and  was  not  studying  spelling  at  tha  tiaa 
the  test  was  i^Itsb* 

Oat  of  a  possible  18.520  words  spelled  by  926  pupils  in 
Cradea  three  to  eight,  iuolaeiTe, 

2,923  words,  15.8  per  oant,  ware  omitted  ; 

8,746  words,  47.2  per  oent.were  actually  misspelled; 
i»a»U,666  words.  63.0  per  oent,  were  not  spelled  oorreotly. 

SJha  apallins  of  theae  926  pupils  was  37.0  per  oent  effi- 
cient on  a  list  of  words  haring  a  standard  of  73  per  centi 

aa  8,746  aotual  misspellings  were  done  by  pupils  writing 
4.037  different  forms  in  plaaa  of  the  re«airad  120  foimai 

Of  theae  4.037  forma.  3,038  occurred  but  once  eaehi 

332  words.  17.9  per  cent,  ware  homonyms. 
320  w«vda.  28.1  per  cent,  ware  actual  words,  evidently 
uaad  beeauaa  pupils  misunderstood  what  was  pronounced. 

47i:  words.  23.7  Ptr  o^nt,  ware  not  clearly  worda  at  all!' 
3,679  words.  30,3  per  oent,  contained  vowel  errora. 
3,132  worda,  17. 0  T>ar  cent,  contained  consonant  errorsi 
1,^18  ^oris,  6.3  par  cent,  had  silent  letter  errors. 


•  '■-'N  y\«-»  i>       ;■  >  .      1 


.Dffr 


;:?o   O'lX'   '.■^ib^.'^ 


Hi  :?X?gj 


B&e^  m 


.^T 


»i 


tw 


38* 
Conclusion* 
In  oonolndin^  the  analysis  ot   tho  misspellings  of  roral 
pupils  thars  are  sererGil  general  viticgastionB  whioh  should  be 
iMlpful  to  teachers  of  math   pupils  in  improring  the  work  of 
the  children  in  apellinc* 

1»  Of  the  entire  list  of  misspelling^,  17«?  per  cent 
vere  due  to  the  use  of  homonymsi  better  illustrations  iai 
TumUm  eentenoea  to  aake  the  intended  word  olear  would  elia- 

m 

inate  Boat  of  the  errors  of  this  type*  A  single  illustration 
will  suffice  ;  in  the  fourth  grade  list  the  word  '^oar"  was 
pronounoedt  44  pupils  out  of  221  spelled  the  oorrect  form, 
while  56  pupils  spelled  "  ore"  instead*  Theae  woi^o  oust  be 
tau£^t  in  oonneotion  with  their  definitions  and  pirtipar  uses*^ 
2*  Aotual  words  as  aubatitutes  for  the  pronounced  worda 
were  U8ed^28«1  per  cent  of  the  oaaea  of  miaapallings*  SeTcral 
causes  contributed  to  this  type  of  error;  aametiaea  a 


already  pronounced  was  spelled,  usually  there  was  no  eapeoial 
connection  with  the  word  pronooneed  other  than  a  phonic  resem- 
blance sufficiently  cloae  to  auggeat  a  wrong  word*  Minor 
errors  aoooxmt  for  a  small  part  of  theae  errors,  inattention 
aeems  to  hare  oauaea  moat  of  them,  inattention  to  the  pronun- 
ciation, inattention  to  thing  being  written;  in  a  word  inatten- 
tion to  the  details  of  spelling* 

The  renedy  for  thia  type  of  error  is  to  be  sure  that  cne 
has  the  attention  of  the  examiaaea;  and  that  more  generous  use 
be  made  of  aentenoes  and  definitions  to  indicate  the  use  of  the 
required  word* 


m 


yi^iaiNpNlt 


0  "j  i,     if',  i'i  .'•■ ' 


59. 

3*  Of  all  the  mlaspellod  foms  25. 7  per  cent  were  not  of 
definite  form  enou^  to  be  recognised  as  anything  like  the    ^^ 
word  at  all  and  usoally  not  like  any  reoognizable  word* 

Often  it  appeared  as  if  the  intention  was  simply  to  males 
OMis  rsAstion  bsoause  it  was  sxpeoted,  no  matter  what  the  ont* 
SOBS*  A  |p.aaos  at  the  list  will  explain  better  than  the 
jlWiflss  following  :->  under  the  list  of  words  showing  the 
astual  spellings  made  by  pupils  when  the  word" tiny  "  was 
pronoimoed,  may  be  seen  ;  tiv^  latts,  temen,  tingues^  tome* 
(S«e  pa^  3*1 2^  of  the  sopplement*)    Ifo  osrtainty  oan  be 
dsolarsd  as  to  why  those  fox«8  wore  written* 

The  1^#8  per  ocnt  of  omitted  words,  plus  the  25.7  por 
ooat  of  this  group y  a  total  of  41 .5  of  the  words  pronounoed 
wore  not  spelled  oorreotly  beoause  the  pupiljt  did  not  know 
what  word  was  w«mt«d  or  Icnow  he  did  not  know  how  to  spell  it. 
Had  all  other  words  been  spoiled  oorreotly  the  errors  dlio  to 
those  two  oauses  alone  would  hare  brou^t  the  group  under  the 
•tamdard  for  the  words  used. 

!0wo  things  may  bo  dono;  first,  see  that  all  pupils  hare 
opportunity  to  know  the  words  that  are  expected  of  their  grades. 
Copies  of  the  aoale  prore  useful  for  this  purpose.  Seoond,  an 
amslysis  of  the  papers  of  a  olass  will  show  n^at  pupils  fail  to 
oyeroome  this  error  at  any  time,  special  drill  for  those  will 
surely  go  far  to  relieve  the  situation,  especially  if  the 
teacher  will  study  the  pupil  and  his  work  and  aim  at  his 
particular  difficulty.   This  will  ap  ly  to  each  of  the  paragraphs 
following  as  wall  as  to  this  one. 


.^ 


lit 


40. 

4*  learlj  cni»->thxx-vx  vx  .  e  words  oilaspelled,  30.5  pei^  ••at, 
contained  vowel  errora;  (a)  rowels  omitted,  (b)  vowels  added, 
or  (o)  Towels  substituted* 

This  is  0BS  of  the  most  fruitful  fields  for  error,  das 
largely  to  the  phonio  systems  of  teaohing  reading*  If  those  in 
authority  oould  be  persuaded  of  the  proper  plaoe  of  "phonios  ", 
the  spelling  diffiotiltios  would  bo  greatly  lessened  • 

SxSBplos  of  errors  of  this  type  are  here  presented  :• 
(See  pa^  S  •  12,  supplement  under  the  word  "tlay"*) 
tine,  tinoy,  tuyny,  tieny,  tinie,  tin,  tainp,  tineey,  tienoi, 
tony,  tini,  tolny,  tuiny,  teny,  tone,tyni, 

fhe  types  of  errors  are  plainly  shown  hero  and  this  will 
suggest  the  Icind  of  teaohing  nooosoogf  to  overoome  the  difficulty* 
There  is  not  much  excuse  for  the  use  of  "o"  or  "  oi"  for  the 
"1"  p  the  "o"  indioates  a  pronunoiation  of  "tee-ny";  the  other 
forms  are  simply  wronir  sots  of  bonds  established  in  lesLmii^  tho 
word,  if  it  had  ever  booa  teia^t* 

5,  The   consonant  errors  are  as  easily  olassified  into  tho 
MBO  £p?oups  as  Indioatedin  the  last  iproup  of  errors,  and  ,  in 
this  analysis  oonstitutod  17*^  por  cent  of  tho  entire  group  of 
•rrors»  The  doubling  of  the  rowel,  or  doubling  it  in  improper 
plaoeo  added  to  the  oonsomaat  errors*   (See  page  3-9,  supple- 
ment, two  columns,  "fonco"  and  "  honogr") 

•  •         •         •  • 

fens,  fonts,  fece,  fes,  fentoe,  fenoh,  fencer,  fens,  feng,  fond8| 
hunny,  huning,  hunne,  hoail,  haqr,  hond,  joni,  hungo,  gonei* 

Often  the  child  intoadod  to  write  the  proper  letter,  but  on 
account  of  Intense  imterest,  slownoss,  inattention,  ot   other 
diatraotii^  element  made  Bome   blunder  which  can  be  eliminated 


Tr  i 


■•''T    »l^ 


41  • 
\$  oloser  attention  to  his  habits  «€  writing  hia  lessonSp  and 
••p^o tally  to  his  approach  in  leaimizi^  his  word  iaa^tts* 

6*  Silent  letters  oontributed  6.5  per  oent  to  the  errors 
as  grouped  in  this  analysis*  Examples  follow  :-  (  See  ya^  S*  11  ^ 
of  the  supplement);    for  the  word  jeOiuuta  we  hare, 
shoae  (  freqcaenoy  of  30);  stars  ffor  ataira^  (F*29);  aad^  strem» 
f eg  atreaa  (7.  3>3  )• 

About  the  only  way  to  pgeywit  errors  of  this  type  is  to 
taaiii  the  word  in  its  correct  fom  until  tlie  "^ bonds"  are  firmly 
established  and  become  sutomatio  when  the  pupil  once  begins  bo 
write  the  word* 

7«  ^o  per  oent  of  all  errors  were  made  by  pupils  who 
vaed  the  prop«r  aoMber  of  letters  and  the  oorrect  letters,  but 
•enbiaad  them  in  the  wrong  sequence*  This  seems  to  indicate 
that  the  pupil  has  a  proper  riaual  Image  of  the  v^ord  but  hia 
motor  reflexes  do  not  respond  in  the  rii^t  order*  Examples  ; 
i^ose»  stiarsy  lettrea,  fence,  f aether,  eanr,  oonr* 

The  child's  mental  habit  of  study  sltould  be  found  out 
and  modified*  This  error  ia  close  kin  to  the  one  that  falls 
to  note  an  omitted  letter*  Children  often  look  at  a  writtem 
word  and  fail  to  disoorer  an  omitted  letter  or  a  wrong  aaqjneoee 
in  the  lettera*  In  thia  case  the  child  leama  hia  apelling  by 
the  auditory  image  and  does  not  reoogniee  the  riaual*  SVhia 
•an  bo  determined  by  noting  vAiether  the  child  can  diaoorer  hia 
error  by  an  inapeotion  of  hia  work*  Children  naually  aire  not  taa^t 
to  do  this*   (  See  the  State  Speller  for  directions  and  help* ) 


fid 


I 


42, 

The  fore^poin^  au^^^Btions  would  ellmlntite  about  90  per 
ocnt  of  all  the  errors  fouztd  ixi  the  papers  analysed  if   it 
were  poeelble  to  praotioe  then  eeapXetely*  Ulnor  errors 
appeared  In  eertain  aohoola  which  though  not  general  deserre 
•one  notiee  as  they  represent  some  ot  the  things  ehioh  mig^t 
affeot  some  of  the  teaeliers  if  they  had  certain  pupils  itrhose 
W0g^   is  uniformly  inefficient »  and  »  on  the  other  the  work 
•f  sons  teachers  which  is  reflected  on  the  pupils  mi^t 
hare  "brought  less  efficient  work  fro«  pupils  v;orlcing  under 
their  pronunoiationp.. 

To  illustrali  these  two  types  the  following  is  offered^ 
certain  pupils  show  tlieir  foreign  ancestry  and  langnage  in 
their  spellings*  In  one  particular  school  the  papers  indi- 
cated that  there  was  but  one  pupil  of  the  teeriean  type,  the 
spellings  indicated  Italian  and  Spanish  speaking  ohlldren 
for  all  the  others  -  there  aiay  hare  been  one  Irish  boy. 
In  one  district  the  predominaat  error  was  to  terminate  the 
words  r;ith  an  "a'\  Examples  ;  shoesa,  stairsa^  streaBa^wordsa, 
It  is  not  difficult  to  plaoe  the  blaae  for  the  poor  spelling 
of  words  w^loh  have  not  been  capeoially  studied  for  the 
regular  lesson*  In  riie  wrii^xcn  spelling  taken  up  by  the 
teaeber, based  on  an  assigaed  lesson,  the  pupil  knows  tiAiat 
is  expected  and  the  teacher  does  not  know  that  her  own 
peculiarity  of  pronunoiation  causes  the  pupil  to  misunder- 
staad  what  is  intended.   A  list  of  words  not  specially 
prepared  and  later  oarefully  analysed  will  help  a  teaser 
to  see  hereelf  in  a  new  lic^t  sometimes. 


^'i♦ 


CXi 


43. 

In  some  distrlots  there  is  utter  disregard  of  the  use 
of  oapital  letters*  Shis  error  does  not  seea  to  reaoh  lari^e 
proportions  for  the  oounty  in  general*  It  is  a  natter  for 
the  local  distriots* 

Peer  hand  writing  is  a  ninor  souroe  of  error  and  is 
■snh  more  preralent  in  sone  districts  than  in  others*  In 
this  t^ype  of  error  it  is  usually  easy  to  tell  what  the 
pupil  intended,  but  in  an  exaet  analysis  the  actual  faot 
was  regarded  as  the  best  guide  for  placing  the  word*  The 
smber  of  such  errors  was  anall  end  oould  be  largely 
•lininated  by  attention  to  the  difficulty  in  a  few  districts*' 

Tl.ore  B.re  a  ttm  psychological  principles  whleSi  teachers 
asy  learn  to  apply  to  sfslling  as  well  ss  to  the  rarious  other 
subjsots  which  sAdoA  to  tho  idsa  of  soalysing  the  work  of 
indiridual  pupils  to  looate  their  errors  would  improve  the 
wori<:  in  spell ia^p  to  the  point  that  it  would  talce  its  plase 
in  the  habitual  respoasss  of  the  pupil  and  giye  him  and 
those  who  road  his  written  wordi:!  satisfaction  in  the  product 
as  a  thing  well  done,  tliat  is^  properly  done* 


%  ¥■ 


44, 
Biblloipraphyi 


**  Che  Psyobolosioal  SxMilnation  of  Poor  Spellers*^ » 

Leta  S.  Holllii£Worth« 
f^Mhers*  Collet  R«oo3rd.     20   :   126  -•  l^2«       (H;i9) 

"  Some  C««868  of  Misspelling" » 

Artlxnr  W«  KalloBi, 
Jomraal  of  ^^daoatiosal  P970holos7»     Sopttaibor  »1917 

*>  Spell  or  for  Sleoentary  Soihools^^ 

(Hpaeo  K*  Peraald,  Ph.D* 
California  Stato  Series »   Seaehere*  ifaimal. 


S  1, 
SaUe  S«X. 
SRiowing  tlic  per  oent  in  eaoh  4pnA»  ^ttin^  aiQr  iplTeti 
of  the  proaovmoad  words  oorreot* 


Vo.  of  ,    '  'o  ' 

ffrpA«>  Gar. 2  Qi»^,3  Qg>4  Gr'^  ^^  0^f>  CW*^7  Qi*>^  Gy>q, 

C  7.1  4.8  2.1  U.^  0.6   1.9  0.5  1.6 

1  6.2  ^.9  3.9  2.1  2.1   3.3  0.8  2.7 

2  4.9  5.9  5.7  2.8  2.9   3.7  2.1  1.9 

3  3.4  6.9  3.4  ^.^  2.4   3.3  2.2  4.1 


I 


6.2   7.6   6.3   4.3   2^2   4.6   3*9   4.8 


u 


6.4  6.1  5.8  3.3  4.4  3.9  3.3  7.;' 
3.2  6.6  6.4  3.1  3.6  3.2  4.3  7*3 
6.0   4.7   3*8  ^.^       4.2   3.4   3.4   7.1 


8  4«4  6«6  7«7  6.6  4.7  6.4  3.9  6*8 

9  3.0  3.6  3.1  3.8  3.3  3.3  6.C  5.1 

10  4.9  4.6  3.1  6.L  3.8  6.3  3.7  6.7 

11  4.2  4.8  6.0  6.3  3.2  6.3  7.6  5.S 

12  4.8  4.3  4.2  3.6  6.3  ^.^  3.6  6.3 

13  4.3  4.3  6.7  3.7  7.1  7.2  6.C  3.6 

14  4.4  4.2  3.2  6.6  6.3  7.6  4.7  3.2 
13  4.8  3.7  4.1  4.6  7.7  G.Q  8.0  4.3 

16  3.6  3.3  3.7  7.6  7.3  4.3  8.6  4.9 

3.8  2.9  4.2  6.3  9.3  3.7  3.9  3.3 


]l 


3.3   2.3   2.3   4.8   3.^       4.4   6.6   2.7 

19  2.9   2.7   2.1   3*4   4.3   2.8  ^•^       1.0 

20  2*1   2.1   1.1   0.8   1.8   0,1   2.3   0.1 


Ta1)le  S-I  is  road  as  follows  :-  7.1  per  oent  of  tlio 
Crade  pap  lis  of  the  entire  eounty  spelled  no  word 
oorreotly;  6.2  p«r  oent  spelled  one  word  correotlj  ; 
4«9  Ptr  aent  spelled  two  words  eorreotly* 

In  the  third  ci^ade^  4.8  spelled  no  ttord  oorreetly; 
3.9  per  oent  spelled  eoe  word  oorreotljr  ;  etc. 


'£1 


3  -  2. 
Table  of  Misspelled  Forms* 

On  the  following  pa^^s  will  be  fauiid  all  of  the  Bisspellin^ 
of  all  the  pupils  whose  written  work  was  used  in  ooapilin^  this 
report.  All  of  the  forms  actually  written  by  pupils  in  the  iproups 
frott  QrAde  ^^o   to  Cirade  I^ine^  InolusiTe,  are  shown* 

Thm   figures  in  front  of  the  forms  indioate  the  number  of 
freqpiencies  for  the  form  following.   The  vrords  and  figures  at 
the  top  of  eaoh  oolu]in«  abore  the  line  »  are  the  frequeaoiee  of » 
and  oorreot  forms* 

Many  forms  are  not  reoognisable  as  words  at  clLI,  ^any  will  be 
reoognised  as  harlng  been  intended  for  another  word  in  tlie  list. 
A  few  will  be  recognljiad  as  resulting  from  the  pupil  beginning  the 
pronounoed  foxm^  only  to  give  up  the  attempt  after  a  good  start 
had  been  made* 

Share  are  two  ralues  to  be  plaoed  upon  this  list  as  it  staadii; 
It  is  a  faithful  reeord  of  a  long  and  tedious  tabulation  of  facts 
as  found  regarding  tlie  actual  reaotions  of  rural  sohool  children 
to  a  standard  test  in  spelling^  and  is  adaptable  as  a  source  for 
further  olassifioations  not  reported  in  tl.ese  pages,  Sereral  suvh 
olassifioations  hare  been  made  but  do  not  seem  to  be  essential  to 
the  particular  problem  being  considered  at  this  tine* 


♦Jfj;??. 


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2  plther 
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15  sailer 
15  saler 
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3  aarvaa 
3  aurfes 
3  orfaa 

2  aarfaoa 
2  airfoa 
2  acrreaa 
2  aorfusa 
2  arfaa 
2  snrfaoe 
2  oTirras 
2  aerfaea 
2  aarfioc 
2  snirfaceo 
2  air  BUS 
2  oirfes 
2  aurafaoe 
oirfas 
fl^cy8pa 
aerTeoa 
anrfaaa 
aorfla 
arenas 
a\irva^ 
arfia 
aurfiah 
aorfaoe 
aarer 
8rave3 
ariaa 
aurdTaaea 
olrfis 
aoTuae 
awifaa 
aarres 
aaroea 
aarpets 
aares 
aazrfaat 
arifaa 
aairfiaa 
arfiaa 
aarflot 
aelefiae 


aurar 

oerfaoa 

aaufaoa 

airfioe 

orfaca 

arorfaa 

aurraol 

airfea 

aaraa 

88f  ra 

aerfo 

asorfea 

arfaoaa 

oupfaoe 

opuer 

a if eat 

Bhrta 

farioa 

aerf&ae  . 

ouraan 

aearraaa 

atire-faoa 

eve  a 

aorfioaa 

aerfaca 

aarerfao 

aarfaaa 

aarric 

aurTaoa 

aarpes 

fevaara 

aaufaa 

87^1188 


S 

• 

17. 

?1 
21 

flpveps 

11 
24 

thaaf 

39  wftiat 
48  waat 

RT  wa<t<T|f 

30  sweplaic 

37  wating 

3   Bweapin* 

6 

aweps 

22 

thaif 

34  waata 

9  wateing 

5  0iriplii|^ 

5 

aweaps 

13 

thaf 

9  waast 

4  wayting 

3  imeplxic 

4 

Bwlpa 

8 

thafa 

6  wayat 

3  wattiii^ 

3  ■wlpplnif 

4 

fiweepes 

6 

thidP 

2  wlaat 

2  wanting 

2  swiniE 

4 

aeps 

6 

thaaf 

2  waaa 

3  waatlag 

2  8wpla« 

3 

aepes 

4 

thilf 

2  waat 

2  wating 

2  spelni^ 

2 

awepes 

4 

thafa 

3  waaat 

1  uatiag 
1  wayatiag 

2  Bepln^ 

2 

awep 

4 

thaath 

2  waata 

2  Bwepplnif 

2 

aapia 

2 

thiara 

1  walaataa 

1  wiatiBg 

1  slpin^ 

2 

aaapa 

2 

thaifa 

1  waiata 

1  waring 

1  finreln^ 

2 

eweppa 

2 

thaft 

1  wates 

1  wonlg 

1  ffaipttn 

1 

aaaata 

2 

thatli 

1  wayta 

1  wantaing 

1  StMippS 

t^ 

aaappa 

faath 

1  waia 

1  waiatlng 

1  seeplxm 

ahipla^ 

thifth 

1  awaaa 

1  wa  thing 

1  fiftilppe 

awifpts 

thaph 

1  waata 

1  wirting 

1  sirinlxi^ 

9«l8 

rath 

1  waytin^^ 

1  wintiag 

1  spltig 

swapias 

thaafa 

1  waat  in 

1  wailhing 

1  sepein^ 

aplpa 

thaae 

1  waita 

1  waning 

1  soaping 

aaapaa 

tohaaf 

1  wlat 

1  wataa 

1  auipln 

awaepar 

aheef 

1  wayist 

1  waytan 

1  seweapta^ 

wiupa 

thaalf 

1  watsa 

1  waing 

1  flfti«eplzi|^ 

awap 

tifa 

1  woat 

1  wahting 

1  simiii^ 

seepoh 

haaf 

1  waiataa 

1  deond 

1  sweln^ 

speeta 

thipfa 

1  uaist 

1  wathana 

1  8hlpin« 

wflhaa 

thiath 

1  daask 

1  shading 

1  speuln^ 

witting 

thioane 

1  waadia 

1  wainig 

1  uefeln^ 

svppa 

thaap 

1  rlfl^t 

1  waing 

1  swetin^ 

avata 

wary 

1  waast 

1  wheat  ing 

1  Bweppe 
1  vareaty 

stlayar 

faf 

1  boata 

1  witing 

awaata 

thlff 

1  waythlng 

1  watiis 

1  flraripin 

awpad 

aaaafa 

1  wasete 

1  Bupln 

aaaap 

thaeth 

1  wattling 

1  sepin 

afiaopaa 

thira 

1  ph&aAi 

1  sveopli^ 

awpiaa 

thialf 

1  waad 

1  sueaplng 

alapaa 

thap 

1  worst 

1  Bvlplcy 

ahipa 

difa 

1  streboan 

awapana 

thaii* 

1  SWOL 

•iwac^pas 

tlaf 

1  trepeain^ 

awaw^poa 

thana 

1  awpeealn^ 

awaepaa 

aflat 

1  8wep«izi« 

MBatha 

aafii 

1  ■eppln^ 

aapida 

thafh 

1  ouepin^ 

awapaa 

thieaf 

- 

1  mplzi^ 

awaepaas 

thafit 

1  speepla^ 

auapaaia 

thaaft 

1  8l2l« 

spaats 

aweth 

1  staas 

fgmmpB 

thetir 

1  0GPttl|p9 

aaaaa 

spaeta 

tnis 

taiAi 

thaaat 
thiafa 
fif 
theenf 

m^mi 


s  - 


I  Vy, 


6'?  wflftry 

18  werry 
14  w^atmj 

7  wery 
4  wire 
4  were 
^  wereln^r 
2  weery 
2  veerizii^ 
2  welpy 
2  werrey 
2  wlnry 
2  werer 
2  weapey 
2  wearle 
2  woPiT 
werrted 
wolry 

ueaaey 

weraer 

weere 

werlnc 

weeap 

werwey 

wiery 

wearer 


ng  wrltiag 


weare 

wearing 
werty 


wearty 

wrery 

v^eare 

firalry 

beroe 

werir 

wrere 

wirey 

uelry 

wiry 

wereajp 

woepy 

plrm 

wwreer 

weerie 

wearw 

wirle 

werese 

idiired 


wlri 

werrea 

war! 


weerey 
ware 
werla 
reare 


wre 

wejplre 

weiry 

writhing 
rwalnlnj 
weavyin^ 


22  wrlteinip 
6  rltiM 
4  rl^^tlgoip 
4  wri^^itln^ 
4  wrlttin« 
3  wlrtin^ 
3  writhing 
3  rltetn^ 
3  rightlaij 
wri^in^ 
rittin« 
raten 
rletin^: 
rytlng 
re  at  in 
wrieten 
writeBf 
wrtaizi^ 
wrinting 
wrltlTlniE 

rlntlnc 
fWplsi^ 
rithia^ 
wltin^ 

writiac 

3P«yte 

wrotlii^ 

writon 

wrl^t 

rltanlzi^ 

wrlthealai^ 

wrotolng 

writhen^: 

wrlten 

ristia^i; 

wire 

wrtln^ 

writtiu^e 


^rr 


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s  -  19. 


1,Q2, Aaftgeroua      2v  dfifat     */■/  arlal       70  •t-mmi— 


15  Aani^enut 
^  dma^ous 

3  dBj3^rou 
3  dangeres 
2  daxi£«nui0 

2  danrouB 
2  dangrott 
2  daas^rs 
2  dan^roB 
2  daaeoua 
2  dAB^Eoroua 
2  daa^«rlou3 
daatrous 
daajfooB 
deAffnraB 


Hjm^gtar^B 


dazMproBs 
dazi^OB 

daHMT 
dB&WOUB 

d«id«riB8 

daactrvctiB 
dan^Bas 

dBII#0QrOUB 

dsagerouBB 
dBzodixr 


daacolB 
dangert 
daagorasit 

daasarouBB 

daai^raa 


da^ras^rB 
daa^roBB 
daacarisB 


6 
5 

3 

2 
2 

2 
2 
2 

2 


-V     -n  • 


20  dept 

13  dBt 

daat 
dete 
deot 

detth 

date 

death 

deate 

detl 

dent 

aiet 

detb 

dlte 

delt 

dout 

dil; 

deated 

dcabt 

dt^&td 

d'doaty 

debet 

depet 

dort 

Celt 

dota 

dei^t 

dicLth 

dobe 

dued 

deai^t 

handterofale^ 


16  dr/ed 
8  dride 
2  druld 
2  dry 

drod 

dri«e 

drlded 

dryd 

drld 

dridy 

drlae 

daide 

dread 

dax'oard 

drayed 

drlud 

llBtened 


10  exorsiae 
3  erexolse 
3  exersloe 
3  exersiae 

3  exBlae 

4  ezoeralae 
3  exerolBB 
2  exoerlBB 
2  ezoeroise 
2  exuraiae 
2  exoerolea 
2  BBzerBlae 
2  exorise 

2  exerolat 
2  exeolTBe 
erxelBB 

BZBUlTBlaB 

eaoeride 

BBoriea 

Bxelae 

exeraieB 

exoerlBB 

9y^9TBYB 

exerieae 
Bxeraese 

ererside 

eatraioe 

exroiae 

exiriese 

exBuries 

exoerae 

exeroiued 

exserolse 

exearlae 

exroleB 

exreolBlBB 

exerioe 

eerxisiaB 

exraos 

eXBTiOlBB 

•xerelBBBB 


exeroiaea 
•xerolB 

exert ae 

exolrae 

exrlBlSB 

exardy 

exerlBBB 

azrauB 

Bzocroijie 

exnrolBB 

xoerBlBB 

exerais 

exaoiae 

exrooBB 

exlrerlea 

exoirslBB 


3    m    10. 


7  ^  iTfir*i  f^"^ 

24  Indalii 

3Z 

21 

laarnay 
Jumey 

1 1 8  laid 

19  land 
14  lade 

1  1  ?     OT^I  ft« 

4  oualon 

34  grvHMT 

8  indiaa 

11 

jamey 

4  anion 

3  graaaar 

2  ia&ala 

10 

Joumy 

6 

laiod 

4  anyon 

3  irasaer 

2  ixidaii 

3 

JTipny 

3 

laad 

3  onyon 

2  gtaemmr 

1  2a«mi 

3  joraay 

2 

laad 

3  anyaa 

1  irrflBi«r 

1  loiiaaa 

4 

geroy 

Had 

3  olaon 

1  «ram7 

1   Indoon 

4 

gamey 

lalad 

1   oinyoa 

1  furaoier 

1    Tn^<^ 

2 

jounoy 

laded 

1   ola^^ao 

1  taimai 

2 

eerxtey 
Jouraey 

laadlt 

1   laoa 

1    Isdlna 

2 

lay! 

1  anaion 

1  iadla 

Z 

joroaey 

iv 

1   oniao 

1  JTiflalna 

2 

Joumary 

laydy 

1  aaay 

1   InAlen 

2 

j  ornery 

Had 

1   oaaayen 

1   IziA&ir 

S^mlG 

leaid 

1   onyom 

1   Zodea 

jomy 

1   ioaoa 

1   lazsdlan 

goumoy 

1  anoan 

1   Iladiaa 

Jolaery 

1  aala 

1   Inlan 

gaftitis 

1  oiajnm 

1   Ilndaln 

jU3rr 

1   oala 

1   Indlna 

fiTont  iv 

1   oyaia 

1   Iii.*.a2ie 

Jonaral 

1   oyoa 

1   lad^aia 

^Timad 

1   inloa 

1   Idain 

Joroory 

1  oaiMa 

1   Idlaa 

Jauory 

1    1141' MU 

1  findian 

Juraaary 
jTcnmery 
curziy 

3ouae?*r 

JOUIV.  V 

jorenney 

J-'iraijai'' 

iiima 

iWEieny 

wtmeary 

;  ouraay 

^  aoraa^y 

1   ozmoas 
1   oliia 
1   aaoao 
1   aoand 
1   oiaio 
t   anoaa 
1  aayiaa 
1   oaiaa 
1   aaooa 
1  oaaoa 
1   ania 
1   jlaam 

;raTizi 

jTim*oy 

jpmey 
haxaa 

pottery 

joiaay 

Jemer 

jUQUtdl' 

* 

ebemay 

Jeruing 

Juraagr 

gui'uay 

jauory 

Jounnoy 

jouraanay 

japnaixy 

JftO 


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i 


S  •  2U 

1^^  'nyftiiift    121  properly      ?■?  Bfllary 


11 

10 

9 
4 

4 
4 


praxas 
nraim« 

tarlea 


yoraiB 


yralses 

WPTB 

pray 

irlode 


vraarerx 
parl«e 


11 

3 

3 
2 

2 


proply 
propley 
prop«rl«y 
prcpparljr 
proper  ely 

IparoyXay 

P- 

pox'orxejr 
profodely 

propaarly 
proprly 
prali^^ 
propprly 

probaly 

puperl^ 

pruprly 

pro perl e 

9rop«rlia 

proplly 

problaiy 

proprlly 

proprelo 

proper 

prola(y 

proplo 


44  salary 
6  aalry 

3  •alary 

4  aalury 
4  aaL  ory 
4  aalr^ 
2  oalazy 
2  aalra 

2  aalaray 
2  aallary 
2  aaleray 
2  aaluaxy 
aealray 
oellory 
aa-Iolray 
eallra 
aalaer 
•arllor 
aXaylrla 
lalary 
eellarry 
aurody 
aalarrle 
sdller 
slarey 
aolury 
aaily 
salary 
aalary 
awrlay 
ralerly 
salarly 
sarlay 
sagnpy 
salioury 
oarilar 
•alary 
•alray 
•alarms 
•alaary 
•alarea 
•arary 
soory 
•aliry 
•alaraly 
salaary 


•uroliad. 


r,P    aAaT>ii>ii^ 


28 
7 

4 
3 
3 
2 
2 
2 


••ay^ 

aaroh 

sara^d 

sffUToliaA 

slrobed 

•tanroii 

••raraliad 

aorabad 

oreohad 

at  arte 

aeroalld 

aawraebad 

••raalivA 

shusaly 

surst 

sreejad 

oarohad 

shnat 

srhure 

saaaroh 

aartohad 

sirolie 

shFiroed 

frahad 

saoar 
airtah 

rasahad 
sorath 

saish 

shaarshad 

siohat 

sarget 

•aoarohad 

sraaohad 

saaharahad 

shurthad 

aarohat 

shark 

aOiraasohad 

sa&rshad 

STOh't 


soaraMA 

sxiraa 

8alL«7tath 

starah^d 

saaohA 

•aari^ 

••arokt^ 

aaroht 

••h«r«ht 

•••apalirt 

aarehta 

staarii^t 


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S  -  2?,. 


,98  MOflth 


_^s  thiiHiiiitn        11,1  tminTL 


84  toffftl 


4 
3 
3 
2 


anoth 

asuouth 

netht 

sMothed 

anatb 

OBSL't^^d 
HIOO 

aaowa 
BudAsa 

flBMll 


o&oed 
noob 
nmas 

flMOOS 


•OMiuth 


soonth 

anoot^ed 

socmy 


14  therteen 
7  tairdtGen 
7  tha7t«en 
4  threete«n 

3  thr«te8]i 

4  thertlne 
3  thrteen 
2  therteen 
2  tliurt0«iid 
2  thrltten 

tlmrdln^g 
thertl^l&eoa 


thirtheen 

flrdteea 

thrlety 

thirty 

thertween 

thlrtien 

thertey 

thrdteea 

tl  euteen 

thirtene 

Xhertlae 


thri<^tl«i 

Thirteen 

thrithteen 

tliereeu 

thireteen 

tliertien 

therten 

Fifteen 

therdten 

thritlion 


24  tttoh 
7  tatch 
2  toeh 
2  toooh 
2  4;otoh 
touach 
taods 


iaohed 

thU8d 

towoh 
tcutoli 

toutohed 
treaoh 
toaoh 
toiLohed 


top 

taeth 

taeh 

toia^t 

toi^t 


4 

I 

2 
2 
2 


28  towl 
9  toul 
%mam 
toil 
totKle 
towel 
tor/le 
towll 
tourel 
tanal 
tloirl 
taowl 
toaty 
toller 
tawell 
tanll 
tall 
tolwl 
tawell 
toull 
till 
touel 
trowel 

talley 

hMxl 

tacyl 

toteul 

twol 

tonate 

taul 

tooivl 

toal 

tows.1 

tolel 


S  -  23. 


nz  umhrQiia        86  Tttfll  S..'a  waflpon 


1^  mbcrella 


tosbrela 

umlnralia 

lEOlirella 

xniberalla 

-umlierala 

tzBberala 

-a&berlla 

toibala 


tBib«rla 
xuili«rala 

vibreluA 
wilHnrle 
aatoalla 
i0te«all 

tDiU>a7#lTa 
nalmlad 


aatolla 

umbrelloe 

umbarela 

iaberelly 
TBibr«lli 
lonborlia 
tnabarlly 


«i>raUla 
laito^alla 
ovunbTran 
imbralu 

uubrelbl 
imbrill© 
taabereeXa 

"omborlajr 
Imbrala 

'ambmXT' 

-ussyarlla 

Tmbax^aw 

ambralla 

Timbraalo 

ombrillow 

toaberallow 

TSBbpaX 

taabra 

•umbrila 

imbrla 


20  rial 
15  veil 
12  reel 
4  Tela 
4  veil 
2  Taail 
2  n#al 
2  yal 
2  rial 
Mall 
▼•111 
▼alia 
da  ly 
▼apalld 
ball 
baall 
▼111 
▼a  ill 
▼alal 
▼iaal 
▼laid 
vaiil 
▼l«al 
▼aala 
beild 
▼iaa 
▼aalX 
▼ill 
raaX 
▼ll«a 


26  v/epon 
9  wapaa 
5  wappott 
5  wappaa 
4  wapau 
2  waopas 
2  wapaad 
2  wapon 
2  waayam 


plapaa 

iraapla 

waa^uft 

wadpctt 

luldan 

waapon 

wapoad 

weopn 

wabtn 

wopan 

vaptrai 

wept la 

wapwa 

i^aap^i 

woBpaa 

awapan 

vaapLjla 

waaporua 

vapun 

wlrea 

wapaas 

wapath 

waap«Ba 

wlpan 

vappontf 


S  ^  2<i« 


JiJL 


77  liatenad      ia^  iqqw 


6  ipro««rie 

3  grootepy 
3  iprooATlas 
3  crooiers 
2  growers 
2  iproeles 
l^ororoiea 
£^rooery 
iprooaxy 
KTOOlery 
crouoery 
roaery 
grooeriey 
^ooozy 


^rosoyos 

croeey 

poserey 

gtonery 

iprooerioey 

^rooopos 

iprooires 

^osry 

l^orooery 

(prooeis 

grooerys 

croaeresy 

l^oary 

ipfooryoa 

CroBoalea 

grooireoa 


14  haaJtarohlaf 
8  hazidarohlef 
3  haodohiaf 
3  liazidkarohif 
3  haadkarohelf 
2  h;uidiceohiaf 
2  horulkohlar 
haaahlnohef 
haiicQierobief 
handkeroief 
handerkeroli  iaf 
haadrohlaf 
handliarohiafe 
handcherpief 
hait^^iarf 
hanlcarohljPf 
hazio^iersifa 
loiarolilef 
h«2]doerohiaf 
hankeohler 
haakerohlafa 
hanpiaha 


6 
4 
4 
3 
3 
2 


liatand 

llstan 

llsaenad 

lls^ond 

lisend 

llaanad 

lissend 

listnad 

lianad 

laasonad 

llaanad 

llaan 

laaoon 

liatlend 

laaaened 

llatined 

laaaened 

liaaad 

laatenad 

lio end 

laasand 

llatanod 

leastoned 

llssea 


21  lose 
2  looa 
2  Inaa 
2  loaa 
1  luaa 
1  loasl 
}  louaa 
1  loaaa 
1  loaaa 
1  looae 
1  fateful 


a 


3  -  2p. 

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14  moro«l 
13  morsal 
3  morole 
^  morale 
3  BorfRil 
2  aosel 
2  aoroll 

2  aoreaal 

3  aoraaell 
2  Boraael 
2  a«r8il 

2  morsol 
2  Bioroal 
2  morse 0 
sorasol 
moroeal 
mors ill 
norseled 
inoraaie 
moroedl 
nor i sol 
BOroele 
aorsolo 
«or#«lo 
aorso 
Bor«el 
aorsell 
Boaroel 
moraely 
aoreojrl* 
aorool* 
more 89 
orarole 
morse 11 
aoresttls 
pormzlt 


32  iilokl« 
3  niols 
2  kniokle 
2  nlokal 
2  nookol 
1  noolde 
1  nlosl 
1  nllke 
1  knioksl 
1  nikle 
1  niokell 
1  niokll 
1  ttikal 
1  niohal 
1  neoale 
1  taolcell 


8 
6 
3 


44  asl«* 

8  iisaoe 

neass 

nloo 

neoe 

ais« 

iQiess 

aeas 

aeos 

alo««« 

aossaj 

aemeai 

aaeea 

aioaa 

aaaoa 

nlaoaa 

naaoaa 

neeae 

naae 


aaala 


^   plstlas 

6  pistoles 
6  pistol 
6  pistals 
4  pistols 
3  pastola 
2  piataloa 
pistils 
plstul 
pistle 
pistolda 
pistol 
pistol 
plslol 
pistal 
pasties 
piotola 
piotla 
post lis 
paitalaa 
piattala 


^■'.^.1^' 


-  2b^ 


15  p«rohas«d 
b  purohaat 

5  perohest 
4  purpoehst 
3  paorolieaed 
3  pez^hAaa 
2  purohe#ed 
2  peirolmaod 
2  puroh«a 
2  purohaa 
2  perdhlat 
perolilsed 

pitX-Oddt 

p«rah&8« 
p«^l««d 
p#(70hau8e 

peroliia 

p^reiiaatad 

poraarted 

p#reliaa 

porohise 

p«2roh«a86d 

peraheaat 

parolkestd 

prT"»"''*i. 

pc.    ,  t 

parohustad 

plraata 

plrohised 

parohuat 

poroliaa 

perohiat 

purohioat 

puroiied 

paroliaBa 

praaohlaa 

purohuat 

purp«:iO"h 

purohaalad 

prahaatad 

perohad 

paraohaat 

paraaalad 

poraoliast 

paroh 


9,^  quarrel 

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8  q.uar8l 

!)  auarral 

4  <2:uLrral 

4  <iuarall 

3  q^iATll 

3  qioarrl 
2  q.uorl 

4  q.iiaral 

1  q.'urral 

2  qjiarrall 
qoarrla 
q:a«arl 
taarrel 

g^iorrall 

qaroal 

qrasrel 

Vuorla 

taitral 

vurall 

qLarrcl 

krul 

Ouiorly 

Qialral 

q;y«rrol 

l^aarla 

^tararl 


1C  raooaaa 
3  raaaa 
3  raaaaa 


3 
3 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 


raoaaaa 

raaaas 
raaoas 
rasMNia 

raaoeas 

reouaa 

raaasa 

raasa 

raaaoaa 

ziuiaaa 

raas 

raasls 
raeaaaaa 

T99Bt09 

raaoaa 

reaaaa 

raeeaa 

T99€VM 

raaoaas 
raouaa 


19  aauaar 
6  aooar 

2  auoer 

3  aaoar 
2  •amar 
3 
2 
2 

2  aouoar 
2  aouaar 
2  aacar 

aoaaipa 

aattraif 

aoarear 

aauaaar 

aaora 

aawaar 

auaar 

9u  00  ar 

aoaaur 

aauouara 

auore 

aoooor 

soooer 

aawaar 

aaeuaar 

aauoa 

aaaar 

sausaar 

aoalr 

smiaor 

aauaaar 

aaawar 

8€uraar 

aaaoar 

auaaar 

•aUla 

aaaaar 

eaaaara 

auaaar 

•awalr 


^2  slay 
7  sXie^ 
3  alalia 
3  8lei£ht 

3  alay 
2  slate 
2  slars 

•la 

slish 

•slel^t 

Mlly 

alls 

sleajr 

slais^ 

sla^ 

sla^ 

slah 

slald 

sllax 

slaw 

si  aye 

slae 

slaying 

sley^ 

ided 

salve 

slaiely 

slate 


S  -  27. 
83  aooiety    71  aOttTQft, 


12  soolty  30 
7  sooelty  l i 
4  soBlty  10 
3  sooltey  4 
3  soolo-^  3 
2  sauoity  2 
2  soeieaty  2 
1  sosiaty  2 
1  soso^e     2 

•eslety 

•••elety 

seoitiey 

sooolley 

seticeteoty 

sololtly 

soloity 

soooiety 

SCO  it 

soasity 

soaoiety 

soeietie 

sositeteo 

soauty 

saeslety 

■aoiety 

soeitity 

•oeyety 

•eoiett 

soooiety 

soeetity 

sosltlety 

sosleaty 

sosinete 

soeietey  , 

•oayetey  ' 

•oeloel^ 

floieaty 

sosledy 

sosttly 

sositeity 

•ositly 

socio Ity 


soroe 

sorse 

aourse 

soaroe 

so ore e 

souoo 

soarse 

sours 

seouroe 

sowroe 

aorese 

soreh 

snroo 

souaroe 

saras 

aourioe 

aorase 

saxiore 

aoorce 

a or sea 

aoresy 

sooreee 

so  or  ore 

sores 

so  ores 

sore 

soroas 

aorioe 

aotiros 

rose 


1Q6  aoeaoft 

46  speaeli 
2  spetsli 
apeoh 
speaok 
spaoh 
apeao^io 
apectofh 
beaeh 


j:^#JLf«5LlS. 


'O^OSi 


S    -    2r?, 


iriO 

jKJbMk 

1  1  7    ^^gApvhn^  - 

45 

8ta)c« 

10  talaphone 

^ 

8t»ao]c 

8  t«lphon« 

2 

Bt&JC 

5  telephone 

2 

ataolc 

4  tell •phon« 

2 

BtMJfc 

1   teleaphona 

stMke 

2  telephone 

BtalK 

1   teliephome 

Btaoh 

1   tele-p^^*i 

8ta«ka 

.  1   tall  if  one 

staohe 

1   telf one 

beefstaake 

1   telefone 
1   tell  If  one 
1   telophoa^ 
1   tellophone 
1   tellopohn 
1    teleplion 
1   Talphone 
1   telesrphone 
1   tellaphone 

B?  trollflT.      ^^4  iblatlii 


40  trolly 
7  troly 
4  trally 
2  troll la 

1  trowley 

2  trolla 
trooly 
tully 
trollye 
troll ery 
teraly 
trayly 
trail ie 
trolie 
totorly 
tralley 
trolaay 
traily 
trolay 
trollys 
tolley 


IC 

7 
5 


lihisle 

whlstel 

whlcel 

wistle 

whlole 

ntleal 

whisliel 

wisal 

bristle 

wtiistlad 

wise 

ahsal 

wheeatla 

wletal 

Wl83il 

whisty 

nftiisal 

wisila 

ahistte 

whistal 

whistil 

wisliel 

wistal 


S   -  2Q. 


51   ol 


4^^  gxflrliJgBt    ?4  cratfifal    ^^  "^^^^ 


8  ele^ront 
3  elll^nt 

2  eligent 
2  eXij^ant 
2  ellegent 
•llgant 

illi^^azit 
alll^ent 

^Imn^pant 

eledont 
elen^nt 

•logaat 

elgryit 

ellgenat 

alegU£::ont 

ale^ent 

leggHt 
alle£;an.t 


7  emporer 

2  OBpira 

3  6inp^*oop 
3  «mperior 

2  6oipeor 

1    0BrpCT 

3  «Bp<n.*er 
■sprlor 

«iper<yre 
«Mperoftr 


Qiperor 
MBprer 
•■ipror 
isporor 

omper 

€9BP69rail 

attpearl 
flMperler 
«ip«r«r 
«ipolr9 

MlpOira 


^  •xeelent 

2  exollttBt 
4  •xooll«ait 

3  •i^aat 
2  exXent 

2  %r.ml±nt 

•SBtlmat 

•xaeXaat 

eoXent 
•xeXX«nt 
•xolent 
eadXant 


21   ier«atfaX 
5  sreatroXl 
3  «ratf\a 
3  ffratefuXX 
1  crfttifoU 
1  greetfuX 
1   gratlI*uJl 
1   grft«tful 
1   ippMi'tlFtiXX 
1   grafuX 
1   gratftiXX 


5  Air 
4  liair 
lii«r 
a«lr 
alr« 
h««r 
a«re 
hire 
hMir 
l«ar 
are 
a«r 
error 


'i'V 


\ 


s  •  y:. 


77  hoarog      3?  laUlfl 


7J1 


imf^rttWif 


4  ''oxir??e 
3  hops© 
2  hoars 
2  hoarso 

1    llOUPS 

1  hoarsen 

1  hooi*3e 

1  horcc 

1  horaea 

1  hoasre 

1  hoares 

1  horcsoe 

1    HhOPtDO 


ioyole 

loeyola 

loaoiole 

•oyolo 

ioeole 

ioeslole 

iolBOloIy 

loeoyal 

loaelkla 

tceyolc 

loasiokle 

i0880le 

ioikle 

toalacyl 

iooleolda 

loyaiole 

leoTale 

loeocltl:^ 

leakla 

ia3clo 

yotajlo 

iaesloel 

iaaltl 

loaeyal 

loa<»lcla 

lasaolaa 


3  tsttor^iHts 
2  lipaoranoe 
iiszioi^asoa 
Ifforanee 
irgloandrt 
IgnoGmiaa 
an^noranoa 
itif^eaaoa 
agnoroxinoa 
emoranoe 
i^EOoraat 
l^a&ta 
a&cfliora 
emoroes 
agnamta 
f    emolann 
1   Ignaranoo 


14  iaterfer 
8  litt^rflap 
7  interfaap 
5  Interfeer 

1  ant erf ear 

2  ertf^rfer© 
interbar 
Iptffer 
intcrrfiar 
intaflara 
Intarfan 
Indefaar 
antjflar 
entafler 
antaolTar 


3  - 


5U 


J,?  Bttqtnlaa       1?  agfttnvl       S4  TWttfBMin       ^^  -ni^ftiiy 


3  aaaltloa 
2  itfosioaa 
mis  io  ion 
uuios^g&lzi 
BKLsoloain 
neuoslon 
UEaoioiaa 
imBoltin 
Brasi&ent 
Buciolon 
muioion 

BXttStfUSl 
IKLOdlon 

nasoislon 
■aoisclan 

inialon 

mi 80 Ian 

aoniolin 

uaission 

araesition 

■aeisiaa 


5 

1 

2 

2 


28  aatrral 
8  sutrol 
>  uuteral 
austral 
recess 
netruel 
auttrel 
tnitrall 
uutnraX 
nuttrell 
ztetrorral 
noutjrel 
notral 
netaral 
netursi 
nutrlll 
xxutrlal 
newtroll 
nutor 
nutril 
neatral 
mitlll 
noteral 


6  pcu^lenoe 

>  patianoe 
3  patient 
3  patenoe 
3  patients 
2  paahents 
2  pae tents 
1  paetinoe 
1  patienol 
paition 
paolanee 
palteation 
patrlshon 
patio^noe 
patten 
pa^soiemoG 
patients 
patotenee 
pat to ants 
paotton 
pantton 
padhtonet 
paeentents 
paslon 
ptnuns 


6 

3 
2 
2 
2 


peg^oais 

Picons 

plS£:lon9 

pl^ens 

pte^eons 

pticeoa 


P' 

pteiTon 

plgtones 

ptdetones 

pteiTOB* 

pigions 

ptj^ona 

pe^on 

iptdgeons 

pt|^n 

pl|;es 

planes 


S  •  j52. 


48  yHkhnnr^m  d?   rflTirrtPftft 


61  nlfign 


15 

3  ^e 

2  ^^-  -.3 

rehxiroe 
rebarse 

reahurse 

38 


1 3  Pfsrvrmod 
21  revrenoe 


rcYoanoo 


rcfeaoe 
ref*r«aoa 


reverres 
referaB06 


saasy 

Baolaey 

00887 

sauoa 

UtOfSJ 


rinoe 


4 
3 
3 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
'i 
1 

i 
1 

1     DlBOlty 
1     BOflitt 

1   sawBee 
1    BtaiLoa^ 
1    Ot 


sauele 


auooy 


21 

2 
2 


sals* 

cea^ 

88S» 

8«ad9 

seQ9e 
elB8d. 
ohe^ 

oeasage 

^elAc8 

Qce^ 

eeeo«8« 

90  ie^ 


neiJc^ 


\yf 


Msm^y 


■L   t?<^>.'  <■' 


S  -  33. 


^7  T^MWtaldg 

47  Tfiil 

10  rentable 

14  rail 

11  wreoh 

2  Teiltabl« 

13  Yale 

4  retoh 

2  Te  table 

5  Tiol 

2  wreolc 

2  TOCtabl* 

2  raila 

2  reoh 

1  T9agttbl« 

2  Telle 

2  wreaeh 

1  rei^table 

1  reel 

2  wreneh 

1  regable 

1  rail 

1  rea^a 

1  radt^ble 

1  vaiel 

1  releh 

1  Tta«table 
1  TSdtable 

1  raye 

1  rea«e 

1  Tlela 

1  wrerth 

1  vTTesoh 

1  r^oh 

1  reroh 

1  rieoh 
1  er«9«e 

,,^15^- 


3  -  jJ.t, 


Jj 

HWH^  T  a-'^  T  y 

i-^- 

7v  aftWMTft tril 
?.5  saperato 

6 

■17 

4 

oaraoter 

7  -^^"brorary 

2 

c  Qx\'  uly 

3 

ohaMtar 

2 

flMipp^irate 

3  Pobiiraiy 

2 

oai*dull3r 

3 

oareetor 

1 

sepeata 

2  Fel^uray 

oorgoly 

'» 

cr.rlcte 

1 

aei)<uate 

2  J^ebruery 

ooTv^relly 

s 

o"*  '—  -tor 

1 

•eperat 

t  Fe"btLry 

OG  ;Mllly 

2 

0^         'or 

1   .^eLueray 

oord^«l7 

2 

c.iarohter 

1  Pebarway 

ooridlal7 

o!:  net  or 

t  Pe'braart 

oarlturo 

1  Fatearay 

oordually 

ocrl 

oor^ly 

ohsreotor 

noi'lulay 

Of- r  let  or 

core tally 

oarriotor 

cor<lly 

ohaoter 

oordLaly 

ohareeter 

cordTiilly 

oa:-^\i 

#^rtY«^Tl1V 

oherraoter 

^  ly 

oapotor 

OOl               / 

oaoraoetar 

cor      .   ;.y 

oacaohter 

oorduially 

ejiarloter 

oorduliai^ 

oaraotor 

cordidly 

oharlotxope 

S  .  35. 


4^  p.ntjgMi       7^  i>lnrwrihi       71  nMmrtar 


^t^  nfmntTmnnan 


12 

6 

4 
4 

4 

3 
2 
2 


aixtio 

aateak 

anteo 

antlek 

ant lot 

abtek 

antdlc 

aateook 

alntloe 

ozttelolc 

aateeo 

estuege 

anteaaus 

ant  lee 

antloue 

•atelk 

tttttlegs 

antiuee 

antlko 

antieot 

aatl 

aatuone 


l6  byolola 
3  bycjcle 
2  bialoly 
2  byololle 
1  l)j9le 
1  lnuoyole 
1  byoycle 
1  l^oloyle 
1  l^oikle 
1  l^oicel 
1   byoyoilaa 
1  bycyle 


16 

11 

2 

1 

1 


oaleader 

oalander 
oalandar 
olandar 
oaliznder 


^t 


I 


oonoectuenoe 

3  ooBq]aenoe 
3  oonoqLULensa 
2  oonoiq.unoe 
2  o«noeq:aenoe 
2  oonolquenoe 
o  0080  lessee 
oonseee 
o  one  (men 


oonseoexLse 

conoeauense 

oonaauleiiee 

oonsolauenee 

oonslqiaeaee 

conseqioeiie 

oon8lq:aenee8 

oQttoeq:iient8 

oonslqiaent 

c  onouoent 

oonq^zienee 

c(oiielolq:aent8 

oonsl^ieuioe 

oonce<raeii8 

conoq.u9]iee 

Qoectunoe 


3  •  36. 


1^ 

3 
2 
2 

2 


di«A8e 

desoasa 

deoiese 

do 1 sea 

disalse 

dease 

deaseese 

dlseso 

deaisd 

dioease 

das 

de seise 

desoaTa 

dlsaaoa 

diasaaae 

dasiaee 

deaoes 

daaaaasa 

deoiese 


^^  faiilma 

^)  fatl« 

^  fatiga 

a  fatiega 

2 


4,9   fgralffilOT^  8^  graaae 


2  fatua^a 
2  fatlaq^e 
2  fat^oa 
2  fatinipe 
2  fatoe^a 
Tataalc 

fatlq&le 

fatel^e 

fatega 

fatege 

fotia 

fatue 

Tata^o 

i^ltise 

fatee^ 

fat^a 

ptiatai; 

fate^e 

fataa^ 

fat 

fate 

J'atlrfme 

fatead 

fatai; 

fitaac^ 
mi« 


6  forlag&ara 
3  forigaars 
3  foral^^nors 
2  faz^anars 
2  foreniers 
2  foreigner 
2  f orenars 
2  fol^rlenara 
forlnar 
fomorlas 
foreglxiars 
fomlers 
forglnors 
foryiners 
foreiners 
foToaiP 
fomars 
forge  Inern 
fori^enaira 
fovleagar 
forgeniers 
forlaipaa 
forigaars 
fomo^ora 
forai^or 
foalgaar 
foralgaara 
foralgnaars 
forlgara 
fora^lar 
forgaair 
forngers 
fori<3^ors 
forlgtmrs 
forgiaalre 
forla^ 
fordaigeer 

forla^a 
forenora 


6  gt^eoe 
3  graaaa 
3  ffpaas 
2  sraaaa 
1  ffisa 
1  greaa 


r^^t' 


3  .  37. 


'A    ^fttr'fnua 

:  Q?Q^1*^^^ 

11 

naifiTiAA 

14  IsthMaa 

^7 

uanaeziae 

21 

reeouracfl 

slanoa 

6  isnae 

6 

notumanaa 

13 

reaoroef 

;> 

elaxia« 

5  IstHua 

2 

nozLoaxuie 

7 

resoraas 

2 

aolanas 

3   i8l2S»a» 

2 

sonaaaa 

7 

reaoraaa 

aolnaa 

2  ithana 

1 

noonaanae 

2 

reoouraaa 

aaeinoa 

2  isanaa 

J 

none^ 

ra  sores 

elaanaa 

2  ISHUa 

xiuaauoa 

reaoraaa 

slnoaoe 

2  Ismis 

nonaolenofj 

reaoTires? 

Bloitioa 

1    iawuta 

fionsoinoa 

reacraroe 

soiazLoe 

1   Ismaaa 

aoxiaoaaaa 

raaoroeaea 

!3oenoa 

1   ysmaa 

tM99iiM9n 

ra8<nrta 

solnea 

1              b 

aonesanoe 

rasortas 

1    laciuaa 

aonaliiaa 

raaoTira 

1   ithmea 

ZI0ZL80  anaa 

rcssoresa 

1    iamlatii 

ttonaaaoe 

raooureaa 

1    iaaaatla 

aonnenoe 

raooraos 

1   lathM 

raaaa 

1   ianaas 

1   istliaaiaa 

1   Isaniae 

1   lathuaiTLa 

1    Isth^iisaa 

1^  laalauuia 

1    Isiiu 

1    iathti&aa 

1   Isamaaa 

1   laKuae 

1  yathvuB 
1  iHiaaa 

S  -  ^8. 


A^   riaoyfv^y 


^^  fffinilMg      ^2  7QhJ.nIn 


!?Q  YlQ^nlty 


I 


seoretoy 
saoresy 
6  saoraoy 
2  saoreasT- 


8*#ret0oy 
SAotary 

•••#3ceroy 

0eetra89 

seorotoie 

»eoreo 

Boretaroy 

seocroery 

socroaoT 

ae era trey 

aeoretse 

aooeraoy 

aooeotec 

sogxLoay 

soireoy 

aloeroy 

aoreteoy 

saoretireoy 

oecraocy 

aaoary 

aaovaay 

aooaaroy 

aaorazz 

aaoretaoy 

aareacy 

aaorotaoj 

aaooraay 

aaora  tasQT 

saorcoay 

aeoor€U)  ay 

88or".tefly 

300r030 

saoreoy 


^  aenoibla 
4  aanaabla 
4  aaasaabla 
4  aaaaaaUa 
4  seziMkbla 
2  aeno labia 
2  aanaible 
aaaaaibla 
aanauble 
aoanaebiile 
senaable 
aoioaebla 
aeaiabla 
aazLlala 
aa&ibla 
aenacbal 
aeaaaibla 
aizitibla 
aanaable 
•wiaiblla 
aanaablo 
aenaeaible 
aasible 


Tahiol^a 

Tahioal 

T^iayola 

Talole 

▼^ielola 

Taaitla 

veioul 

Taahlbla 

Taalilla 

Tlhiola 

Tihlabla 

rlhtoyola 

▼ollbal 

▼lalala 

velliole 

rehlaole 

reirliela 

T'Okichle 

Tiayole 

vabloyla 

Telola 

Taual 

veyiole 

Tlhioel 

reloylo 

rahlaldy 

reclla 

Tiaayle 

ralliiole 

Tlhloly 

vyclole 

▼lohloal 

Yoolal 


7 
4 
2 
2 
2 


yeoenty 

reoinlty 

Tlointy 

▼loinaty 

Tisinlty 

Taalnatia 

Tloanlty 

Tlolnite 

Tiaalnlty 

TlTliiata 

raaalnaty 

▼aalalty 

Tlaainfcy 

▼eaainilty 

Tiolaty 

Tlaialoy 

Taowoaty 

rlaelnlty 

▼ionay 

vaoclnlty 

Tiolanoy 

Tlaaanlty 

Yiioinlty 

Ttnolnity 

violnirity 

Tinoanty 

vaoQnaty 

raslnaoa 


S  -  39. 


RQ   ftonnterfeit      7P   daane-rt      6^  digflfltll^ln         1 


61  oounterfit  124 
39  count erf lot  3 
7  oonterfit  2 
^  oounterfet  2 
2  ooTinirfeit 
2  oonterfeit 
1  oonterfiet 
1  oounteflt 
1  oounterfaet 
1  ooiinterfaet 
1  count  erf  elfifht 
1  oounterfied 


desert   89  dii^stable 
deseart  16  dli^atiable 
des&rt    5  dijestable 
dlsert    4  degistable 
deoert    3  dljeBtible 
dirsert   2  di^stibale 
desoret   2  dejestable 
deseret   1  def^stlbal 
desirt    1  de^estlble 
dessart   1  degiestable 
deslrte   l  deglstiable 
dlseart   1  dejoeible 
dissert   1  dejestlble 
destolbal 
die£^st  table 
di£^83ed 
dlgastlbable 
delist  Ible 
di^stlbul 
divisible 
digestball 
diiTistlble 
dlgestlbly 
digastable 
dlgestubel 
dljustlble 
dlj^stable 
dljustlable 
dise^risabile 
doi^stable 


19 

'I 

6 
6 
3 
3 


immeneo 

imense 

amense 

enciiee 

enease 

enmenee 

Imenoe 

emanee 

on&nse 

emanoh 


•Blnoe 

aiBmlnoe 

eoninse 

tfBBiest 

ttRinse 

iments 

Iffllnoe 

iminse 


^m]{e8e 


C 


s  -  <0, 


1Q?  loQPftra    IP?  aamftlBilft      87  MiinoTiAii*^ 


2?  lepard 
19  leapard 
15  laapord 
14  lepord 
8  leppard 
7  lepard 
4  leopord 
3  laoperd 
3  lepoeird 
3  leporad 
lapord 
laaparda 
leaporad 
lepar 
lapaord 
laphard 
lapor 
lappared 
lappared 
lappalrd 
Xapward 
llpapd 
lippard 
liprerd 
leporad 
lepar ed 


3^  marmolade 


10 

I 

3 
2 
2 


mazmelade 

marmalald 

■areOLade 

maxalade 

marmalade 

marabade 

marlade 

marbleade 

marmlad 

marmaled 

aarmalayed 

marmilaid 

marmorlade 

mamalade 

aarmelald 

majmalaled 

maxmerlade 

aaronalade 

Bomelade 

monllade 

Boraalade 

Borelead 

■naelaid 

MomllMd 

Bomllade 

mamlades 

aarmllade 

aaamorlaid 


36  ■lllionalr 
35  ■lllionare 
3  milllonheir 

3  millinaro 

4  mllloniare 
3  Billionar 
3  millonare 
3  millonaire 
3  Blllionler 
2  millonaire 
2  millionaire 
2  aillionare 
2  millonar 

2  millionarie 
2  milliner 
2  millioniar 
mileniare 
mellionculire 
millionars 
milleonare 
milionier 
millinare 
millianiare 
mittenare 
nnilljonare 
melioniar 
millyounare 
milloniar 
millioneir 


^'•»*' 
t***?* 


^fmSM^.  '\ 


0- 


p2;^I-xa.,:  - 

^^^mqq^l    1 

/■ »"  -  * 

I^WItt-^ 

■"  v"^4ii«'5M,ja    ♦ 

-w  - 

i)id0.£9ttes   3 

MsXemui  t 

i&^MSmma  r 

ateXUMBMR  r 

J&lalirwiiei^'  ■ 

4i. 


30  musila^ 
12  ausoila^e 
11 
10 

6 

4 

4 

3 


12,2   OTQllgatra  ^6  Tjayllamftnt 


cusoelage 
■oaoilai^ 


8  ■aaillge 
7  ■oeilege 

3  ]mi8ula|^ 

4  muoiila^ 

3  ■n^llig* 
3  Bni8l«d^ 
2  muohle^ 
2  Kaohila^ 
2  ■usoiUa^ 
2  Hasaal^ 
2  ■osilei^ 

2   BOSllid^ 

2  Bnisolliege 
2  Kasslafe 
2  flmsllad^ 
2  nniselea^e 
2  amaelad^ 
2  ■assilico 
2  voamla^ 
zDUoali^ 
niuoelege 
muoelage 
muolalage 
■oolllaf^ 
moilig 
■nftlla^e 
KQAsala^e 
■oesolige 
■alloha 
■iiJiil< 


nviB  8X0^0 

snissla^e 

nassila^e 

amssale^ 

■usole£:e 

■aislaise 

nnisllaiEe 

musolai^s 

Busullai^ 

iBUBiola^a 

masoleipe 

musella^ 

snxaell^^ 

mosall^ 

mxLShiai^ 

nnislalaiE* 

■osiolic* 

muailli^ 

mualaAa 
■ualld^ 


■itaoXi^^ 

■nsolaXa^a 


18  orohastra 
6  orohester 
5  orohrestra 
4  orohesta 
2  oroeatar 
2  orkeatra 
2  orohreata 
orohratre 
oraches  tra 
oraohart 
oroastra 
orohaata 
oroharata 
orohaatare 
oroharatra 
orobarlator 
oroharatair 
orchaatry 
oroharater 
orchaater 
orohaatrle 
oroheatria 
oroherater 
orohestery 
oroliiatra 
orohoroha 
oroherater 
oroharata 
orohreaoha 
orohroa 
orohustra 
ororaster 
orgaatra 
or^^eatar 
orgeatra 
orgreatra 
orkeatry 
orkatra 
orq:aeater 
orqioaatur 
oraueatra 
oratrloa 
aatora 


64  parlimant 
30  parXament 
19  parXement 
4  paraXement 
4  parXiemeut 
3  parXXament 
2  parXment 
2  paraXXament 
2  paraXiment 
2  parXimment 
2  pareXament 
pairXe&ant 
paXoment 
paraXeoten^ 
paraXment 
pariment 
parXaiaint 
parXamount 
parXlmant 
parXimiaat 
parXoment 
parXamant 
parXimenat 
parXalznent 
parXemant 
paroXment 
aprXarment 
parXXiment 
parXXemenoe 
perXalment 
perXiaeat 
pXaanent 


^smfsJL^ 


I- »'  ^  4-, .'.-.-. 


S  .  42. 


ipq  pftyftftivftd      81  PQaBann      82  proQliaiQQ 


3 

4 


38  paroiered 
^  p«reeed 
J>  p6r8l«T«d 
perslTOd 
preoeired 
preo leTtd 
peireeT^d 
4  persoleped 
4  perse ired 
2  peraeared 
2  peroired 
pereefed 
peroere 
pervevled 
pereolTed 
perserflld 
persloiyed 
preoeeds 
preoldad 
pre  BO  ired 
purse  ire 
purslTsd 


4C  posess 
36  posses 
1^  poeasB 
5  possese 
3  possessed 
2  poetess 
2  poses 
2  possoess 
possess 
posese 
possed 
posoess 
possesses 
posse 
possire 
poeess 
profess 
prossess 
presses 


6  perolploe 
6  preo ipsa g 
6  presipioe 
5  praoipis 
5  presclpioa 
^  preoipea 
5  prealpes 
4  preoipeae 
4  preoiplo 
4  preoipiae 
4  perolploe 
4  preslpiee 
3  preslpesa 
3  preslpaoe 
3  preolpaoa 
3  presipis 
2  perolpea 
2  preolpleee 
2  preoepess 
2  presepus 
2  presplee 
2  presslpes 
2  prespesa 
2  preolples 
2  preolpo^s 
perolploe 
perlolplee 
preolpus 
preolpaoe 
preoepls 
preolplss 
preopase 
preoeaplee 
preoelpt 
pr^oleploe 
preoiplo 
preoepelouB 
preolpe 
preolpaa 
preepoloe 


preapldlae 

prealppla 

prealploea 

preapleoe 

prealolpua 

preaolpla 

preapea 

preaoploe 

preaalploe 

proa ape sod 

preaalpeat 

prlplols 

pros 3 If s 

preaoolpea 

prlsolpes 

presslpess 

preoipea 

preaaplta 

preaaploe 

presapess 

presaploe 

preslpess 

preseploe 

presfloe 

pre  spar 

prespuoe 

presploles 

presploe 


A3 


Ofi'fC? 


»??«©.• 


3   -   43. 


25  reoomended         33 
23  reoosmend  30 

14  raooamanded  6 
8  reoooomiended  3 
4  reoooaend  2 

4  reoonesd  2 

2  reoomented  2 

2  reoxunended  2 

2  recanended  2 

1   reolclmendad 
1   reolaaendad 
1   raamanded 
1   raooBfl&aadad 
1   reoonenad 
1   reooq:aemezided 


r«8emblenoa 
r«e«lanibl  eno  a 
reofblanoe 
reseaiblGs 
rassamblanoa 
rasamblano^ 
srossambXans 
iblanse 
ibelanoa 
raoamblanoe 
rotaenlas 
reeamblanoa 
raoselblents 
ralanble 
ramembelanoa 
rasembanoe 
raa«abl«ns 

rasambladanea 

rasemblaanaa 

rasamplas 

rasanbulaas 

raaemblamansa 

rasMibla 

rasamanses 

ra  aeabllxioa 

rasimblanoa 

raaimblanoa 

raslamanoa 

razamblanoG 

rasasblaboa 


^2  reflttturant 

43  resturant 
13  raatratuit 
IC  reatoraunt 
6  restuarant 
6  restrant 
6  restaiirent 
3  ra 8 taraunt 
3  restaurant 

3  restruant 

4  restarant 
4  resturant 
3  restarant 
3  ra  8  tuarnt 

2  raasteruant 
2  ressatint 
2  rastairent 
2  ra  8  torant 
2  restauant 
2  restruant 
2  reatrurant 
2  resaurant 
raausturant 
teastruant 
ra  tar  ant 
rastaunt 
raateraunt 
restrumant 
rastruarant 
restrantant 
rasteruant 
rastreant 
restrond 
rastrauant 
resturanta 
resturant 
reus t rant 


I 

3 
2 
2 
2 


43  slasad 
14  aeased 
sized 
aeisad 
see sad 
eaisad 
saasad 
aaisad 
oal^^ad 
aasad 
dlsaflUMd 
sol  sad 
saalsad 
saisaed 
salaad 
seal sal 
aaalrad 
aaasad 
salasaA 
sai^ad 
saslad 
alBftad 
sazad 
BlssaAi. 


««i.*-:j-'^ 


!^^v. ;-'■*,' iu.p'; 


L0&t- 


S  «  44. 


12^   grtit)ftrlTt-»:#»Tn^<%T^^ 

2C   super  intezxdant 
6  mp^rtendent 
6  vnpereutendent 
i  saporentendaat 
3  supemtendent 
3  si^arent luted 
3  saprentendent 
2  srapeznitendant 
2  superintend 
2  superindentent 
2  Bupyerintendent 
2  suprintendent 
2  8«urententant 
1   tximentdented 
1   supeatenand 
1   Kvperenteodlaat 
1  saperenteoded 
1    sapenaent 
1   sap«r«&tented 
1   supereatendant 
1   aupenendent 
1    superienteatezit 
1    superdendent 
1    auperantent 
1   superdentant 
1   soperendent 
1    aeparatenant 
1   sepaarentenaat 
1   sapcrlanteadent 
I   8iip#raient8 
1   srupentendaat 
1    cmperintintezid 
1   super intindit 
1   saperlnteadsd 

1    8UPS3r^6Sld0B 

1  superintedent 

1  supert  indent 

1  super t  intant 

1  supFsnent 

1  supintenand 

1  supirintlndint 

1  Bupprsitsndflot 

1  supperentaated 

1  suppert  indent 

1  srupperut  indent 

1  supretendant 

1  supperent 

1  suprintendent 

1  suspertenant 


1,6q  aurffgoa 


8  sur^ea 
3  seri^an 
3  sermon 
3  sur^ent 
3  suri^on 
3  suTffoa 
2  ssrsaat 
2  sugea 
2  seri^eoa 
2  suergon 
2  ser^^oa 
2  suregon 
soergaat 
seuripoa 
seri^ea 
ssargsat 
ssrgasa 
seorgeon 

ssrlcoa 
siriEoa 

surgeant 

surgin 

suri^eat 

sru^la 

surgoae 


qg  thoroMhly 

23  throu^ly 
13  thour^^y 
8  thourly 
8  thoupou^fhly 
7  thourally 
o  thu^ily 
3  thour^ily 
3  throxwijr 
2  thourohiy 
2  throfu^tly 
2  thoup^ally 
2  thopouly 
2  thoup^ly 

2  thoruallT 
2  thourou^ty 
2  thouruly 
2  thurelly 
thealley 
thsroly 
throuly 
thoroly 
thottvouXy 
thoiurtiallx 
thourty 
througholy 
throully 
thurely 
thuroo^^ily 


i^^H- 


.^i 


TaUe  S  -  II. 
Sh.owiz3^  the  number  of  times  eaeh  word  was  spelled  oorreotly; 
the  number  of  times  eaA  word  was  ositted;  and  the  number  of  times 
•fli^  word  was  spelled  inoorreotly  (  misspelled)  by  the  pupils  ot 
the  i:iTen  grade.  Also  the  per  oenta  each  of  these  numbers  an  or 
the  number  of  pupils  tested  in  each  grade  for  that  word. 
The  number  of  ways  eaoh  word  was  misspelled  and  the  number  of 
forms  oooxirring  but  onoe  for  eaoh  word  misspelled  are  aliewn* 

Grade  Two  (214  Pupils^) 

B6»0f 

Ho  .of  Per    Vo.of  ways 

So*  of  Per   words  eent   ways   with 

Ke«  of  Per    words   oent  mis«   mis«-   mis-   f^- 

•.YordS'  oent  -  omit-   omit-  spall*  spell-  spall-  qj^&noj" 

44  21  89  42  81 

19  37  74  35  61 

. 42  20  88  41  84 

dear       56  26  78  37  80 

west       60  28  72  34  82 

aaU      77  36  69  32  68 

taU       77  36  a  31  71 

best       68  32  68  32  78 

62  29  73  33  77 


far       37    27     82     38    73 

gara       54  23  76  36  84 

alike      32  24  77  36  85 

add        31  U  67  32  116 

31  14  83  39  ICO 

37  27  80  37  77 

16  7  83'  39  113 

26  12  79  37  109 

^^        43  20  78  36  93 

iaoka      74  ^3  74  33  66 

wUit                48  22  83  39  83 

This  table  is  read  as  follows  :-  44  pupils  spelled  the  word 
"very"  correctly;  this  is  21  per  oent*  of  the  group  of  214  pupils, 
89  pupils  omitted  the  word  "rery" ;  this  is  42  par  aent  of  the  group, 
81  pupils  misspelled  the  word  '^ery" ;  this  is  37  par  oent  of  group. 
The  word" Tory"  was  misspelled  in  49  different  ways* 
42  of  these  ways  appeared  but  onoe. 

The  words  of  the  other  grades  follow  tust  as  abore. 


11 

49 

42 

36 

28 

39 

68 

56 

U 

42 

36 

44 

35 

32 

^ 

38 

33 

46 

40 

36 

tl 

n 

33 

41 

33 

39 

44 

35 

40 

52 

43 

34 

|9 

31 

n 

63 

51 

49 

38 

34 

|5 

39 

31 

64 

52 

44 

46 

36 

30 

^1 

42 

39 

58 

45 

Ic 


S  -  46. 

Third  Grade 

(209  Pupils.) 

Ho  .of 

Ho.  of 

Per 

Ho.  of 

ways 

Ho*  of 

Per 

words 

oent 

ways 

with 

Ho  .of 

Per 

words 

oent 

mis- 

ais- 

Bl8- 

ftre- 

words 

oent 

OBlit- 

omit- 

spell- 

spell- 

spall- 

quenoy 

JEfiS^Uril* 

riri:vti 

r1<tl,ti» 

JittLk. 

x^^ 

ttli^  ... 

fA. 

ii«.   . 

of  ontt' 

third 

117 

56 

20 

10 

72 

34 

35 

n 

push 

92 

44 

26 

12 

91 

44 

42 

34 

point 

69 

5^ 

32 

15 

108 

52 

46 

35 

within 

129 

62 

24 

11 

56 

27 

39 

28 

don* 

59 

28 

31 

15 

119 

57 

31 

22 

body 

71 

34 

40 

19 

98 

47 

64 

52 

belong 

91 

44 

2^ 

12 

93 

44 

41 

31 

oheese 

35 

26 

26 

12 

128 

62 

54 

42 

earn 

24 

n 

45 

22 

140 

67 

n 

51 

feat}' or 

28 

13 

29 

14 

152 

73 

47   . 

fenoe 

56 

27 

27 

13 

126 

60 

V 

43 

honey 

29 

14 

37 

18 

^^3 

68 

65 

50 

letter 

ICO 

48 

27 

13 

82 

|9 

54 

44 

or«n«e 

39 

19 

33 

17 

135 

64 

84 

70 

pootet 

55 

17 

44 

Z\ 

130 

^2 

74 

57 

8ho«« 

^5 

30 

26 

12 

120 

58 

51 

36 

stairs 

36 

17 

36 

II 

137 

66 

48 

2? 

stream 

27 

13 

33 

149 

71 

64 

48 

tiny 

74 

^§ 

27 

13 

108 

52 

^l 

34 

words 

101 

48 

27 

13 

81 

39 

58 

52 

^ «: 


\  ♦- 


•^d 


^V 


S  - 

47. 

Fourth  Grade  (221  Pupils 

•  ) 

No.  of 

Per 

Ho.  of 

ITo.of 
ways 

Ho.  of 

Per 

words 

oent 

ways 

with 

le.of 

Per 

words 

oent 

mis- 

mis- 

■is- 

fre- 

words 

cent 

0Hit« 

omit- 

spell - 

spell- 

spsll- 

quency - 

WQ3nla» 

rli^t. 

ri£^t* 

laflL*- 

tfi(Lu 

fid.  ,. 

ftda  ,,. 

flll  . 

Qf  QQfia 

needle 

119 

^"^ 

29 

13 

73 

33 

45 
28 

37 

nobody 

147 

67 

31 

14 

43 

19 

22 

oar 

44 

20 

34 

13 

143 

65 

28 

19 

p&laoe 

77 

3^ 

33 

13 

111 

50 

65 

51 

penny 

91 

41 

32 

14 

98 

45 

23 

14 

pitoher 
re^lar 

35 
38 

23 
17 

28 
48 

13 
22 

138 
135 

62 
61 

46 
96 

II 

repeats 

77 

3^ 

29 

13 

115 

52 

a 

41 

reprove 

109 

49 

38 

17 

74 

M 

36 

sailor 

80 

36 

29 

13 

112 

51 

59 

50 

sentence 

64 

29 

30 

14 

127 

n 

74 

58 

shining 

108 

49 

34 

15 

79 

12 

P 

Burfaoe 

48 

22 

42 

19 

131 

59 

82 

60 

sweeping 

s? 

^^ 

48 

22 

95 

43 

49 

39 

weeps 

39 

37 

17 

97. 

44 

51 

39 

thief 

44 

20 

3^ 

i6 

142 

^ 

54 

41 

waist 

|9 

27 

27 

12 

135 

61 

36 

27 

waiting 

87 

39 

30 

14 

104 

s 

11 

24 

wsarj 

63 

29 

35 

16 

121 

68 

53 

writinc 

110 

30 

28 

13 

83 

37 

40 

31 

,    .JjGi:."- 


S  -  48. 
Fifth  Garade  (    I85  Pupilo. ) 


lo.of 

Ho«of 

Mm^^ 

Par 

ways 

waya 

Ko.of 

Par 

#«^ 

•mt 

Bl8- 

with 

Vo.of 

Per 

worda 

oant 

sla- 

■18- 

8pall- 

fre- 

words - 

cent 

onlt- 

omit- 

, apell- 

8^11- 

ad. 

(ffudooy 

WAPda. 

1    102 
84 

riffht* 
45 

10 
14 

ted,      ftd. 

id. 

40 
47 

ft-f  on«. 

dazu^roni 
debt 

1 

21 

41 
32 

28 

18 

dried 

127 

69 

17 

9 

41 

22 

17 

13 

•ztrolse 

70 

^§ 

22 

12 

9| 

5C 

n 

42 

grWBIDBT 

71 

58 

16 

9 

98 

53 

3 

Ixidiiui 

112 

60 

16 

9 

57 

1^ 

25 

21 

joiopuyr 

^S 

28 

20 

11 

113 

61 

54 

41 

laid 

118 

64 

14 

8 

53 

28 

14 

9 

OBion 

112 

61 

25 

12 

S 

27 

36 

30 

pro  186 

103 

56 

18 

10 

34 

27 

20 

properly 

123 

66 

17 

10 

44 

24 

28 

23 

salary 

55 

50 

19 

10 

111 

60 

46 

34 

eearohad 

62 

53 

22 

12 

101 

^^ 

^§ 

50 

MMtil 

88 

48 

15 

7 

84 

45 

28 

22 

«lliVt#«B 

95 

51 

17 

75 

40 

3^ 

25 

touoh 

111 

60 

17 

9 

11 

51 

25 

20 

t«V9l 

84 

45 

19 

10 

45 

34 

26 

taitoella 

11 

59 

17 

I 

?^ 

52 

50 

57 

Teal 

t2 

15 

84 

45 

^9 

21 

weapon 

85 

16 

9 

84 

45 

36 

27 

>^; 


3  - 

49. 

SlztSi  QpAde     (   183  Pupil 

s.) 

No.  of 

No  .of 

Ho.  of 

Per 

w«y« 

v/ays 

Vo.of 

Per 

Ho. Of  Per 

words 

oent 

Bis- 

with 

vozds 

eent 

-words 

cent 

mis- 

■18- 

spell- 

fre- 

• 

Tl^t. 

rifl^t.omit- 

omit- 

sjr"~ 

apoll- 

ed. 

quenqy* 

JboAiL*- 

.  iMfti- 

iiftfl. 

•fl. 

of  one  J 

Wfmry 

107 

58 

29 

16 

49 

26 

34 

n 

haalkerolilef  113 

61 

24 

13 

48 

26 

22 

listexiad 

97 

52 

^? 

13 

61 

33 

24 

16 

loose 

U3 

77 

4 

34 

19 

11 

7 

■•rsel 

74 

40 

30 

16 

81 

44 

36 

22 

nlokel 

P 

45 

25 

13 

77 

42 

16 

11 

Bieoe 

69 

1' 

26 

14 

90 

49 

24 

19 

pistolB 

110 

60 

2^ 

13 

it 

27 

21 

14 

porshaMd 

73 

4C 

26 

U 

47 

47 

3^ 

qiaarrel 

93 

50 

27 

13 

65 

33 

29 

18 

reoess 

108 

59 

28 

13 

49 

26 

27 

17 

•ftoaar 

82 

44 

11 

13 

76 

41 

43 

32 

slal^ 

86 

47 

15 

7i 

38 

28 

21 

society 

83 

♦1 

34 

18 

68 

37 

42 

33 

souiree 

71 

38 

27 

13 

87 

47 

30 

21 

vpeeeh 

106 

57 

23 

14 

^ 

29 

8 

6 

8te&3c 

100 

1* 

II 

13 

58 

31 

11 

7 

telepaone 

^v^ 

^1 

14 

42 

23 

19 

13 

trolley 

89 

48 

26 

U 

70 

38 

21 

17 

idilstle 

104 

56 

31 

17 

50 

27 

23 

If 

1  :> 


3  -  50, 

GwAe  (   119  Papils.) 


He»bf 

He.  of 

Per 

Ko.of 

wayii 

Ho.  of 

Per 

words 

oent 

ways 

with 

Ho  .of 

Per 

words 

oent 

BiS«> 

mia- 

sia-- 

fre- 

M^«: 

wolrds 
rlAt. 

51 

oent 
43 

oait- 
±ltd« 

30 

OMit- 

2I 

38 

spell- 
32 

>  spell- 
24 

quanay 

•legaat 

18 

•BP«ror 

^9 

^S 

22 

18 

38 

32 

24 

IB 

•zeellant 

4^ 

38 

^5 

32 

36 

30 

13 

8 

^atafol 

54 

43 

26 

22 

39 

33 

11 

I 

heir 

61 

51 

31 

26 

27 

23 

13 

hoarse 

77 

63 

22 

18 

20 

17 

13 

9 

ioiole 

35 

29 

^^ 

28 

31 

43 

26 

17 

il^oranoe 

^1 

61 

26 

22 

20 

17 

17 

13 

interfere 

36 

^^ 

37 

31 

46 

39 

13 

n 

nnisioiwi 

73 

61 

20 

17 

26 

22 

23 

21 

neutral 

13 

13 

33 

29 

69 

38 

Z3 

16 

patienoe 

34 

43 

23 

21 

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S  ^  52. 
linth  Grade  (   230  Pupile.) 


Mo»ot  Per        Bo.ef      wejrs 

Ho.  of  Par  werds  oeiit      vajB        with 

5o,of  Per  words  oent  mis-  mis*-      mis*        tro^ 

v/orda-  oont  omit-  omit*  spell*  apell*  spell- 

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dessert                72  31  lB  6  UO         6l 

dlipestlble           63  28  21  9  U4         63 

Immense               143  62  14  6           73         32 

leopard               I03  43  7  3  120         32 

■axaalade           123  34  I8  8           87         38 

ailllonalpe         87  38  19  8  124         54 

mollace              38  17  ^  3  186        8c 

eopohewtra          122  ^^  33  U          75        33 

parll'^eat          36  16  19  8  173        76 

peroeired          129  36  H  5          90         39 

possess                81  3^  29  13  120         32 

proolplee            82  36  16  7  132        37 

reoooMiided       108  47  9  4  II3        49 

reseoAlaaoe       104  43  22  10  104         43 

restaursat           62  27  24  10  144         63 

seised                112  49  21  9          97        42 

TOperlntendentl23  ^^  13  7           92        40 

surgeon              160  70  21  9          49         21 

thoroTiflihly           88  38  39  17  103         43 


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11 

FOURTEEN  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 


This  boolclsmie  on  tnE^st'^ity^^fcftttB^WIIIijelow,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subjea  to  immediate  recall. 


USE 

■ !  n  G 

1  B"  r) 

itiilONS 

LD  21-100m-2,'55                                 ,,   .Genial  Library 
/  Ri  QOooo^/l7R                                        University  of  California 
(i!lJ9s22)476                                                      Berkeley 

'i 


